Construction
Essay Preview: Construction
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OVERALL ASSESSMENT OF PROJECT
TIME & COST FACTORS
ACTIVITY
DURATION
START
FINISH
Preliminary Building Programme
1/09/2001
31/08/2003
Design
1/09/2001
16/08/2002
Architectural
1/09/2001
1/07/2002
Structural
1/09/2001
16/08/2002
Services
18/10/2001
22/04/2002
Construction
18/10/2001
27/06/2003
Sub-structure
5/11/2001
18/03/2002
Super-structure
19/03/2002
27/06/2003
Commissioning
28/06/2003
31/08/2003
Summary of construction programme from start to completion.
In this project, proper time management is essential as the project duration is only 22 months, in which the design, construction and commissioning has to be completed.
From the above table, construction starts shortly after the start date of the project. This is a typical characteristic of design & build projects; construction is often a concurrent activity with design. The design stages and construction stages progress hand in hand for a great part of the project duration.
Commissioning is the only independent activity and can only be carried out when both design and construction stages are completed.
Function
Floor Area (m2)
Levels
Cordells Rate ($/m2)
Total Cost
Office
$1,460
$18,031,000
Retail
$1,148
$3,719,520
Basement
$1,569,480
Sub-Total
$23,320,000
Project Overheads, 20%
$4,664,000
Sub-Total
$27,984,000
GST, 10%
$2,798,400
Sub-Total
$30,782,400
Profit, 5%
$1,539,120
Sub-Total
$33,580,800
Demolition
$350,000
Project Cost
$33,930,800
Estimate of the cost of construction of the project.
The above table shows the estimated cost of the project. As the building has allocated different floors for different uses, the prices for construction of floors for different uses also differs.
In the above estimate, office floors is the most expensive to construct, followed by retail and basement.
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
The site is in the heart of CBD Sydney at 317-331 George Street (5 blocks of land). The site is on the west side of George Street and east of Wynyard Lane, between Bank House of north and BNZ House of south. The site has a frontage to George Street of about 45 meters and depth to Wynyard Lane of about 27.8 meters, having an area around 1,250 square meters.
From the illustrations in the attached sketches, the building has a steel and reinforced concrete frame and aluminium curtain wall facades. The proposed project is 19 levels commercial building with 3 basement for parking (extending under Wynyard lane), entrance lobby with three mezzanine levels of retail, 12 office floors and plant and lift motor room(LMR) level.
ANALYSIS ON DESIGN
The design of this building is made up of different areas of concern, which includes namely architecture, structure and services. Design considerations influencing each area is discussed as follows:
Architecture
The architectural design should suit the purpose for which the building is to be built. The building should be designed in such a manner that it gives the occupants of the building protection from the elements. Design should include considerations on weatherproofing matters, aesthetic appearance, sound insulation, air leakage and noise proofing. As often than not, omittance of such important design considerations would result in substantial damage to the interior of the building as well as impact on the high wastage of energy consumption.
The building to be built must be able to accommodate the function of the building and at the same time to fit into the allocated clients cost budget. The materials chosen for the building should also be taken into consideration. The materials to be used should be relatively cheap, durable and easily obtainable albeit the resultant erected building features should contain the required exclusive and distinctive appearance within the local vicinity in the CBD area.
Design considerations should also include constructability of the building to be erected. It should not impose excessive dead load and which results in unnecessarily expensive and massive foundations. The building should be designed in a manner that it fits into the relatively small, congested area. An interesting point to note is the capacity of the design to incorporate the necessary services in the building construction without incurring unnecessary costs.
Structural
The structural design should ensure stability of the building. The structure should be able to withstand the structural, imposed dead and live, and wind loads. These include focusing
particular attention to areas from the rooftop till the foundation of the building.
The excavation works done for the construction of the basement car parks and the foundation of the building should take extra precautionary measure so as not to affect the foundations of the adjacent buildings, creating hazards to motorists along the nearby roadways as well as the underground services and train tunnels from the nearby Wynyard train station.
The main structure of the building should be designed in such a manner that the positions of columns do not interrupt the work areas in the upper office areas of the building especially the valuable, prime space in the three mezzanine levels of retail in the lower levels of the building. Another important consideration would be the floor-height level in each storey–it must be high enough