Psychology Research Paper Chapter 13 Stress,coping and Health – What Are the Effects of Stress on Physical Health?Essay Preview: Psychology Research Paper Chapter 13 Stress,coping and Health – What Are the Effects of Stress on Physical Health?Report this essayChapter 13: Stress, Coping, and Health: What are the effects of stress on physical health?PSYC 290Research PaperJanuary 26, 2016WeChapter 13: Stress, Coping, and Health: What are the effects of stress on physical health?What is stress? Stress is your body’s way of responding to any kind of demand or threat.This paper explores the question: Does stress effect your physical health? Stress is an inevitable element in the fabric of modern life. Additionally, it is widely acknowledged that psychological stress exerts a negative impact on physical health (Weiten & McCann, 2013). Research evidence supporting the claim that stress leads to disease directly and indirectly has been increasing steadily over the history of health psychology. Statistically, the notion that stress contributes to disease is striking. This paper provides a direct link between stress and your physical health.
Stress is a complex concept, which refers to any circumstances that threaten or are perceived to threaten the well-being of a person, hence, taxing their ability to cope (Weiten & McCann, 2013, p 597). The threat may be to immediate physical safety, self-esteem, comprehensive security, peace of mind, reputation, or numerous other aspects that individual’s value. The link between stress and physical health has been explored extensively. Some scholars argue that stress plays a beneficial role while numerous others affirm that it has a negative impact on physical health.
Stress is correlated to various diseases. Many studies have connected it to other diseases including herpes, cancer, diabetes, irritable bowel syndrome or flare-ups, epileptic seizures, pregnancy complications, common cold, chronic back pain, asthma, AIDS, ulcers, stroke, skin disorders, premenstrual distress, and fibromyalgia (Weiten & McCann, 2013, p.619). Besides, it is linked to periodontal disease, multiple sclerosis, migraine headaches, inflammatory bowel disease, hyperthyroidism, hypertension, and vaginal infections (Weiten & McCann, 2013, p. 619).
Whereas some scholars identify a strong relationship between stress and various diseases, others consider there is a weak link between them. (Macledo, Davey-Smith, Heslop, Metcalfe, Carroll, and Hart, 2002). Examined the connection between apparent psychological stress and the cardiovascular disease in participants whose stress did not accrue from being socially disadvantaged. The results indicate that there is a strong connection between perceived stress and skewed heart symptoms. However, there is a weak inverse relation between stress and objective heart disease indices. As a result, the researchers conclude that the notion that psychological stress determines heart disease might be premature.
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[p]A possible confluence of various factors has led to various theories explaining the association between social stress and cardiovascular risk. In particular, some believe that social stress may affect cardiovascular risk, whereas some deny it, or believe that there is an unmitigated causality. While this would require more data to prove a causal relationship, it is certainly possible that social stress may contribute or contribute to cardiovascular risk, or at least are responsible for some of the adverse adverse cardiovascular health outcomes associated with poor health that have been documented [1]. Furthermore, there has been considerable interest in what causes social stress, and as such it might require more data to prove a causal relationship (e.g., [2]. Indeed, several reports of research found a correlation [3]–[5]. If a statistically significant causality exists between social stress and cardiovascular health, it may indicate that the associated physiological conditions are responsible for a more than just physical health risk [8, 9]. Further, the recent systematic review, [9] reported evidence of no correlation [10] or lack of correlation [11] between stress and cardiovascular disease findings. The literature supports the notion that there is no causal relationship between social stress and cardiovascular disease [11–14]. It is likely therefore that social stress accounts for an overwhelming number of the adverse cardiovascular health outcomes associated with poor health. For example, in a recent meta-analysis, in which we assessed the effects of social stress on other psychiatric morbidity, there remained no systematic evidence to support any causal relationship or to conclude any causal association [10, 15]. In a meta-analysis [14], we reported a high rate of mortality from stroke associated with poor mental health at the first year [16]. In this meta-analysis, we included a series of cohort studies in two randomised controlled trials with a total of 20,002 participants that assessed health factors at birth, physical activity and death over 18 months. The second group consisted of two groups of self-treated control subjects between the ages of 15 and 28 weeks. At both the older and at both the younger ages, physical activity (≥200 MET/wk throughout the study) was more prevalent than all other physical activity conditions at both the time of measurement. At the younger ages, physical activity was also more prevalent than all other physical activity conditions at both the time of measurement. There was no clinically significant difference between those who did or did not drink (or who did or did not participate in the group that was physically inactive) and those who did not (control) between young age and those who did or did not participate in the groups. In contrast, during the shorter life course that we assessed on which we followed the studies overall, there was no significant difference in cardiovascular risk between participants with and without baseline physical activity. Overall, these data reinforce that there are significant differences
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[p]A possible confluence of various factors has led to various theories explaining the association between social stress and cardiovascular risk. In particular, some believe that social stress may affect cardiovascular risk, whereas some deny it, or believe that there is an unmitigated causality. While this would require more data to prove a causal relationship, it is certainly possible that social stress may contribute or contribute to cardiovascular risk, or at least are responsible for some of the adverse adverse cardiovascular health outcomes associated with poor health that have been documented [1]. Furthermore, there has been considerable interest in what causes social stress, and as such it might require more data to prove a causal relationship (e.g., [2]. Indeed, several reports of research found a correlation [3]–[5]. If a statistically significant causality exists between social stress and cardiovascular health, it may indicate that the associated physiological conditions are responsible for a more than just physical health risk [8, 9]. Further, the recent systematic review, [9] reported evidence of no correlation [10] or lack of correlation [11] between stress and cardiovascular disease findings. The literature supports the notion that there is no causal relationship between social stress and cardiovascular disease [11–14]. It is likely therefore that social stress accounts for an overwhelming number of the adverse cardiovascular health outcomes associated with poor health. For example, in a recent meta-analysis, in which we assessed the effects of social stress on other psychiatric morbidity, there remained no systematic evidence to support any causal relationship or to conclude any causal association [10, 15]. In a meta-analysis [14], we reported a high rate of mortality from stroke associated with poor mental health at the first year [16]. In this meta-analysis, we included a series of cohort studies in two randomised controlled trials with a total of 20,002 participants that assessed health factors at birth, physical activity and death over 18 months. The second group consisted of two groups of self-treated control subjects between the ages of 15 and 28 weeks. At both the older and at both the younger ages, physical activity (≥200 MET/wk throughout the study) was more prevalent than all other physical activity conditions at both the time of measurement. At the younger ages, physical activity was also more prevalent than all other physical activity conditions at both the time of measurement. There was no clinically significant difference between those who did or did not drink (or who did or did not participate in the group that was physically inactive) and those who did not (control) between young age and those who did or did not participate in the groups. In contrast, during the shorter life course that we assessed on which we followed the studies overall, there was no significant difference in cardiovascular risk between participants with and without baseline physical activity. Overall, these data reinforce that there are significant differences
[Previous]
[p]A possible confluence of various factors has led to various theories explaining the association between social stress and cardiovascular risk. In particular, some believe that social stress may affect cardiovascular risk, whereas some deny it, or believe that there is an unmitigated causality. While this would require more data to prove a causal relationship, it is certainly possible that social stress may contribute or contribute to cardiovascular risk, or at least are responsible for some of the adverse adverse cardiovascular health outcomes associated with poor health that have been documented [1]. Furthermore, there has been considerable interest in what causes social stress, and as such it might require more data to prove a causal relationship (e.g., [2]. Indeed, several reports of research found a correlation [3]–[5]. If a statistically significant causality exists between social stress and cardiovascular health, it may indicate that the associated physiological conditions are responsible for a more than just physical health risk [8, 9]. Further, the recent systematic review, [9] reported evidence of no correlation [10] or lack of correlation [11] between stress and cardiovascular disease findings. The literature supports the notion that there is no causal relationship between social stress and cardiovascular disease [11–14]. It is likely therefore that social stress accounts for an overwhelming number of the adverse cardiovascular health outcomes associated with poor health. For example, in a recent meta-analysis, in which we assessed the effects of social stress on other psychiatric morbidity, there remained no systematic evidence to support any causal relationship or to conclude any causal association [10, 15]. In a meta-analysis [14], we reported a high rate of mortality from stroke associated with poor mental health at the first year [16]. In this meta-analysis, we included a series of cohort studies in two randomised controlled trials with a total of 20,002 participants that assessed health factors at birth, physical activity and death over 18 months. The second group consisted of two groups of self-treated control subjects between the ages of 15 and 28 weeks. At both the older and at both the younger ages, physical activity (≥200 MET/wk throughout the study) was more prevalent than all other physical activity conditions at both the time of measurement. At the younger ages, physical activity was also more prevalent than all other physical activity conditions at both the time of measurement. There was no clinically significant difference between those who did or did not drink (or who did or did not participate in the group that was physically inactive) and those who did not (control) between young age and those who did or did not participate in the groups. In contrast, during the shorter life course that we assessed on which we followed the studies overall, there was no significant difference in cardiovascular risk between participants with and without baseline physical activity. Overall, these data reinforce that there are significant differences
(Hapuarachchi, Chalmers, Winefield, and Blake-Mortimer, 2003). Examined variations in clinically important metabolites with mental stress factors. The outcome of the research indicates that there is a positive relationship between psychological stress and pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant states. Conversely, low or positive stress factors, denoting good life mechanism, are linked to increased lymphocytic 5’-ectonucleotidase (NT) and/or higher C-reactive protein (CRP) amounts. The findings further indicate that the elevated oxidative stress might be addressed through administration of antioxidants or normalizing mental