Redpath Murders
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Redpath Murder Mystery
On June 14 1901, Montreal residents woke to the news that two members of one of the citys most prominent families were dead. Ada Maria Redpath and her youngest son Clifford, had been shot dead in Adas bedroom in the Redpath mansion. Newspaper reports were conflicting at first and the family made no public statement, but it was clear that a tragedy had unfolded within the upper echelons of Montreal society. While the coroners inquest attempted to sort out the circumstances surrounding the deaths, and the Redpaths maintained a wall of silence, Montreal filled with rumors about what had occurred on the evening of June 13. The inquests finding that Clifford Redpath had killed his mother and then taken his own life while suffering from temporary insanity brought on by an epileptic fit, did not entirely quell the belief of some in town that something sinister had taken place. The secrecy in which the matter was handled, and some curious details of the case which were never clarified, fanned the flames of intrigue further. More than one hundred years have not brought any fully satisfactory answers. In this paper I submit that the coroners report was accurate, that Clifford Redpath did kill his mother and then himself while suffering from a severe mental breakdown. I believe that the mystery surrounding this case is due to the Redpath familys attempts to keep the tragedy as quiet as possible, which stemmed from their place in society and the discreet, repressed nature of Victorian era culture.
The Redpath family was one of the wealthiest in all of Canada and were part of Montreals upper society. Ada Redpaths father, John Redpath, was a Scot who immigrated to Canada in 1816 at the age of twenty-one. He arrived virtually penniless, but found employ as a stonemason in Montreal. John Redpath was a man with a heroic work ethic and a knack for business. Within a few years he was a main player in the effort to build a canal to bypass the Lachine rapids. The rapids had been an obstacle to Montreals development for many years as large ships were unable to pass through to the upper St. Lawrence. The successful completion of the canal in 1825 greatly increased shipping and turned Montreal into a major port. By the middle of the century, manufacturing plants began to be built along the canals banks, taking advantage of the proximity to shipping lanes and hydraulic power available. This is where John Redpath built his enduring claim to fame, a sugar refining plant. It was initially named the Canada Sugar Refining Co. but was renamed John Redpath and Son after his boy Peter joined the company. The factory was the largest of its kind in Canada, and Redpath employed his own ships to bring the raw sugarcane in and take the finished product to market. This business venture turned John Redpath from a comfortably wealthy man into a spectacularly rich one. He was also rich in family. He was first married to Janet McPhee in 1818; she bore him ten children but died in 1834. John married Jane Drummond the following year and she gave birth to seven children of her own, the youngest of who was named John James Redpath. John James grew up and married Ada Marie Mills in 1867. They had five children together: Amy, Peter, Reginald, Harold and Clifford. To house his family in a style befitting their wealth and social aspirations, John James commissioned the building of a large house at 1065 West Sherbrook St.
The Redpath family existed in a world of wealth and prestige. Their house and their neighborhood symbolized that power. The small neighborhood later dubbed the “golden square mile” was situated at the base of Mount Royale just west of what is now downtown Montreal. The name was given due to the number of wealthy families that lived there. It was said that 75% of Canadas wealth was concentrated in the hands of the business magnates that lived in this small area. That is a statistic that is impossible to confirm, but it is certain that the golden mile was by far the most affluent neighborhood in Canada and that the men who lived there controlled many of the companys and industries that made Montreal Canadas largest and richest city. Beginning around the middle of the 19th century, these Montreal businessmen, mostly Anglophone, began constructing mansions in the wide open space at the base of Mount Royale in order to escape the bustle and pollution of the booming city. The houses were designed by some of the countrys most well-known architects and were executed in a wide range of architectural styles, from art-nouveau to neo-gothic. The Redpath house itself was designed by John James Brown and done in the Queen Anne style . Without exception, all the homes in the neighborhood were opulent and built to the highest standard of comfort. Amy Redpaths diary entries indicate that the improvements were ongoing and cutting-edge for the time. In August of 1900 she wrote that workmen had her upper floor in a state of disarray as they installed electrical wiring. At the turn of the century, electricity in a domestic home was very rare and only the very rich could afford it.
At the time of the deaths, the Redpath house was inhabited by three members of the Redpath family on a permanent basis. Ada Marie Redpath, who was chronically ill and mostly confined to her upper floor bedroom, and two of her grown children, her only daughter Amy and her youngest son Clifford. There were also three live-in servants, the most important being Mary Rose Shallow, who was a lifelong companion to Amy. They were so close that after Mary Roses death in 1943 (she died in the house she had worked and lived in for so long), Amy had Marys body disinterred and re-buried at the Redpath family plot at the Mount Royal cemetery. It appears that she was considered a part of the family. There were a large number of visitors coming and going every day; family members and friends visited frequently. It would have been a social necessity for Amy to receive visitors gracefully and regularly. Tea service, polite conversation and card games were the main pastimes. Amy was not always happy to receive visitors, as one of her letters makes clear. However, the social conventions of the day required her to put on a happy face and be a generous host. Workmen and servants would have also been around on a daily basis, as it was a lot of work and money to maintain such a large house. Finally, nurses and doctors made regular house calls to care for Ada Redpath and give her medical treatments. Understanding the mental state of those living in the house, especially Clifford, is the key to unravelling