Essay About Regional Integration And Development Agreements

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.1 INTRODUCTION
I.2 POLITICS OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION
Multiple Membership of Regional Integration Arrangements
Overlapping Mandates but Different Approaches to Regional Integration
Multiple Membership Seems to be Inefficient and Costly
Trade and/or Development Agreements within the International Context make for a Fluid Operating Environment in Southern Africa
Implications for the Bank
I.3 THE POLITICAL SITUATION IN THE SOUTHERN AFRICA REGION
I.4 THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION IN SOUTHERN AFRICA
A Relatively Small Sub-Regional Market but Size More than 50% of SSAs GDP
Wide Disparities in Socio Economic Development among Countries within the Sub-Region Associated with Small and Weak Markets
Vast Differences in Population Size and Dispersion
Uneven Levels of Income across and within Countries
Low Levels of Human Development: A Structural Economic Weakness, Compounded by HIV/AIDS
Insufficient and/or Inefficient Infrastructure: An Obstacle to Production and Trade Development in General, Especially for Landlocked Areas
Uneven Development of Financial Systems
Uneven Economic Size, Undiversifie d Production Structures and Commodity Dependence
I.5 ECONOMIC REFORMS AND OUTCOMES
Economic Reforms
Macroeconomic Reforms
Changes in Investment Regimes
Trade Reforms
Economic Outcomes
Budget Performance
Inflation
Real Interest Rates
Savings and Investment
External Performances: Current Account Balance
Trade
External Debt and Aid Dependence
HIPC and Poverty Reduction Strategy
Economic Growth
Income Convergence in SADC
I.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS
PART II:
REGIONAL INITIATIVES AND ACTIVITIES
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II.1 INTRODUCTION
II.2 PROGRESS IN THE PROTOCAL DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
II.3 TRADE, INDUSTRY, FINANCE AND INVESTMENT
Trade
Limitations and Implications of the SADC Trade Protocol
Relationships with other Regional Groupings Ð- The Case of COMESA
Differences in Rules of Origin
COMESA Free Trade Area: Implementation Status and Related Issues
The Way Ahead
Finance and Investment
Background to Cooperation
Cooperating Mechanism and Cooperation Agenda
Protocol Development Process and Way Forward
Industry
Background
Mining
Reforms in the Mining Sector
Recent Investments in Mining
II.4 INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES
Transport and Communications
Regional Cooperation and Integration through the Transport, Communications and Meteorology Protocol.
Implementation Status of SADC Protocol on Transport, Communications and Meteorology
Institutional Framework for Managing and Implementing the Protocol
Monitoring of Progress in Protocol Implementation
Reforms to Attract Private Investments
Regional Cooperation in the Road Sub-Sector
Transport Corridors
Communications
Energy
The SADC Protocol on Energy: Objectives and Implementation Status
SADC Energy Sector Activity Plan 2000-2005
Energy Sector Reforms
The Southern African Power Pool: An Example of a Promising Regional Cooperation Initiative
Water
Tourism
Protocol for the Development of Tourism: Objectives and Implementation Status
Tourism Development Strategy, 2001-2005, Actions and Projects
II.5 FOOD, AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES
Background
Regional Strategy, Policy Objectives and Institutional Arrangements
Food Security Program
Agricultural Research and Training
Crops
Livestock Production and Animal Disease Control
Fisheries
Marine Fisheries and Resources
Inland Fisheries
Forestry
Wildlife