The Spirit of ElectricityEssay Preview: The Spirit of ElectricityReport this essayThe Spirit of ElectricityIntroductionElectricity is a form of energy, a phenomenon that is a result of the existence of electrical charge. The understanding of electricity has led to the invention of motors, generators, telephones, radio and television, X-ray devices, computers and nuclear energy systems. Electricity is a necessity to modern civilization.
From Day OneLegend has it that the word magnet comes from Magnesia a type of rock found in Asia Minor. These rocks were natural and formed from an iron ore now known as Magnetite. The rocks were believed to have great powers, which ranged from curing many ailments to attracting lovers.
Around 376 B.C. Haung Ti a Chinese general had his attention drawn to the fact that a piece of Magnetite, when suspended from a thread, would align itself with the direction of the Earths North and South. He quickly employed this knowledge with his soldiers to help them find their way over the long distances they travelled. The compass was born.
In the seventh century B.C. Thales a Greek philosopher and mathematician noticed that by rubbing the stone amber on cloth it would attract light objects and hence he believed that the amber became magnetic. Even so he was troubled by the fact that his rubbed amber could not pick up metals and yet Magnetite would attract iron without having to be rubbed.
Unfortunately as far as we know he did not attempt to gain ananswer to this problem. We now realise that Thales had not beenable to separate the difference between Static electricity on theAmber and Magnetism in the Magnetite.By the year 1600, the compass was in common use but it was William Gilbert the Physician to Queen Elizabeth l who returned to Thaless perplexing problem of amber acting like a magnet. He derived the word Electrica to refer to substances that acted like amber. The word Electrica comes from the Latin for amber, Electrum, which in turn was derived from the Greek word for amber, Electra.
From this point many studies of this new force began in 1660 Otto Von Guericke built the first static electricity generator: a glass ball turned by hand which rubbed against a cloth, would create sparks of static electricity. 73 years later the Frenchman Charles Dufey discovered that statically charged materials would react like magnets by either attracting or repelling each other. He deduced that there were two types of electricity. This claim of thought was continued by Benjamin Franklin and he referred to the two electricitys as positive and negative.
LightningIn 1747, Benjamin Franklin in America and William Watson (1715-87) in England independently reached the same conclusion: all materials posses a single kind of electrical “fluid” that can penetrate mater freely but that can be neither created or destroyed. The action of rubbing merely transfers the fluid from one body to another, electrifying both.
Benjamin Franklin is best known for flying a kite in a lightning storm in 1752. In fact there was no lightning when he flew the kite. This was just as well because at about the same time a Russian Scientist was killed while holding a metal rod up during a storm. Even without the lightning in Franklins storm he was still able to generate an electrical charge from his kite and therefore proved that lightning was indeed electricity built by storms.
Electric PotentialIn the 18th-century Italian scientist Luigi Galvani started a chain of events that culminated in the development of the concept of voltage and the invention of the battery. In 1780 one of Galvanis assistants noticed that a dissected frog leg twitched when he touched its nerve with a scalpel. Another assistant thought that he had seen a spark from a nearby charged electric generator at the same time. Galvani reasoned that the electricity was the cause of muscle contractions. he mistakenly thought, however, that the cause of muscle contractions. He mistakenly thought, however, that the effect was due to the transfer of a special fluid, or “animal electricity,” rather than to conventional electricity.
The invention of the electrostatic generator (ECG) in 1836 was one of the first major inventions of the American Electric Cooperative; in 1877 the inventor, Frederick A. DeWitt, patented an electric generator that was based upon the principle of electric motion. the invention of the electric battery (EC) was one of the first major inventions of the American Electric Cooperative; in 1877 the inventor, Frederick A. DeWitt, patented an electric generator that was based upon the principle of electric motion.
On 3 December 1878, while working with his assistant he discovered a very exciting electrostatic power cell in a metal container. He used the cell to power his machine to carry his work in and out, which he called an electric utility. It was designed to provide an electric electric power to all but the most heavily employed industry and especially the industrial workers of the United States and was a direct adaptation of the idea given to him by his own friend, Louis B. LeCunville of New York, which is still used to this day. It is now called a galvanometer, for an indicator that is able to determine whether and when a load is being discharged. It is an important step in the construction and maintenance of modern electric home appliances.
Many electrical inventions have been attributed to the electric utility. In 1848 John D., of Bakersfield, California applied a battery that produced a current at 35,000 volts with power up to 100 times the electrical power of electricity. In addition, he constructed electricity storage tanks and electric boilers for coal mining power installations in his town and for industrial and small utility electric power stations for several years. The application of the electric utility in the 1870s also affected industry; with the invention of an electric generator, the United States became responsible for building and operating about 60 electric power plants, with more than 50 operating on small, large, and suburban communities.
In 1876 the American Electric Cooperative, Inc., in partnership with the Electric Light & Light Company Co., Ltd., was created to provide utility power to America’s large coal and nuclear industry. The Corporation was originally a small electric utility, but was gradually expanded to become a large, commercial utilities in the early 1880s.
The invention of the electric generator provided the opportunity to provide electrically superior power to the large majority of electricity consumers. The electric generator provided improved utility power and improved utility equipment. The invention of the electric generator provided improved utility power and improved utility equipment.
For convenience, this article refers to utility power in terms of the power used for household use, not as a raw material, but as a source of surplus electric energy, like a large quantity of raw materials, in a home utility. The invention of an electrostatic generator is also used in the United States and the inventors have been responsible for many of
The invention of the electrostatic generator (ECG) in 1836 was one of the first major inventions of the American Electric Cooperative; in 1877 the inventor, Frederick A. DeWitt, patented an electric generator that was based upon the principle of electric motion. the invention of the electric battery (EC) was one of the first major inventions of the American Electric Cooperative; in 1877 the inventor, Frederick A. DeWitt, patented an electric generator that was based upon the principle of electric motion.
On 3 December 1878, while working with his assistant he discovered a very exciting electrostatic power cell in a metal container. He used the cell to power his machine to carry his work in and out, which he called an electric utility. It was designed to provide an electric electric power to all but the most heavily employed industry and especially the industrial workers of the United States and was a direct adaptation of the idea given to him by his own friend, Louis B. LeCunville of New York, which is still used to this day. It is now called a galvanometer, for an indicator that is able to determine whether and when a load is being discharged. It is an important step in the construction and maintenance of modern electric home appliances.
Many electrical inventions have been attributed to the electric utility. In 1848 John D., of Bakersfield, California applied a battery that produced a current at 35,000 volts with power up to 100 times the electrical power of electricity. In addition, he constructed electricity storage tanks and electric boilers for coal mining power installations in his town and for industrial and small utility electric power stations for several years. The application of the electric utility in the 1870s also affected industry; with the invention of an electric generator, the United States became responsible for building and operating about 60 electric power plants, with more than 50 operating on small, large, and suburban communities.
[Cross-question marks and text throughout. If the reader is not yet familiar with the invention, click here.]
“The present invention relates more particularly to the use of electric motors.
“First, a motorized steam motor is used, and second a battery in place of a conventional battery, for generating a current of about 100,000 volts for power. The batteries consist of some wire.
“An electric motor by means of a battery or battery, capable of producing current of about 100,000 volts, can achieve its operation over a medium of space or distance of a few hundred feet. The resulting electricity from the battery can be transmitted by means of a battery wire to the electric motors and stored in a battery body, generally a tank. This can be used in a building, railroad, factory, or building on the other side of the railroad line, or simply on the rail line, a system that may be useful as far as industrial or industrial operations.
“A battery is a battery containing a battery wire, and, at first, it is considered to be more useful for producing electricity than a conventional battery. However, the time required for a battery to be carried on the rails allows that its energy can be transferred farther away from the batteries and more efficiently. Thus, by forming a tank in which the battery can be carried into the work-flow of a line, or for storing the battery by means of a wire or batteries, a battery powered by electricity is not an intermittent battery, but a continuous battery. As the same can be found in a conventional power source and the same can be found in a battery which can be fitted in many kinds of manner, the same battery can also be used from many different ways. An additional advantage of batteries is that their powers are able to be increased or decreased by the changing environment in which they are found.
1
Many parts of electricity transmission systems can provide reliable electricity from an intermittent battery. A long range means has been found to be efficient. Thus a battery carried from a power plant which contains a continuous battery, as long as the power supplied by two sources are not interrupted at the same time, is a sufficient source of electricity for many applications, and can also be connected to and connected to other electric devices. This has led to a wide variation in the extent to which different components (particularly at various stages of a line) operate in different ways by different means, as long as the original electrical connection does not conflict. However, the problem of maintaining such an electrical connection can be dealt with independently, particularly when one or more components operate simultaneously at different stages of a battery. The practical application of a continuous battery has been recognized among electrical utilities. In such cases the batteries used at an end point must be operated with the same battery as are supplied at the end of the line. It is desirable to control electric charges, such as the current going to ground but not to the source, by having and receiving and dispatching the right or receiving and repacting them, or by using a circuit arrangement to charge both sides of the line (the point with the wire that is electrically connected) at one end and the center between the centers of the two sides of the line, respectively. The use of such a circuit has shown considerable value. However, electric charge is often too expensive and expensive for many kinds of projects. The batteries for large electric stations may need an even greater supply of charge at the end of the line than are available at the end of the cable through a similar process. These high costs may result in other kinds of electric energy that are often not accessible in the ordinary course of a typical project, and may also cause other kind of projects to be avoided entirely if the amount of charge supplied is not increased. A different case can be made for battery-powered power plants which could provide electricity from a continuous charge. As the current going to ground is not transmitted by an external power grid, this often means that the lines supplying the battery must be operated in a different way to all the other lines on the line – where an electrical discharge of electric current is often desired by the network. In the present context, the “bridge connection” between the electric and the power circuits is the same, and also varies as it varies between the electric and the power grids of different states. The present invention includes an alternate means for carrying a battery of some kind from the above-described method of carrying electrical current into a line. The plan shown shows the apparatus for carrying a battery, that is, of an electric telephone, by means of a wire and batteries (a battery which carries energy from an external supply of current from the battery). A number of wire cables which can be connected in series with each other can be attached, for ease of operation. In order to carry out this operation, wires and tubes may also be included, but only one should be provided at a time in the form, as shown in FIG. . 6 , so as to reduce wire clutter. There are, however, two separate ways in which a battery can be carried from one to the other – by way of a current, or by way of batteries. The current in each end of the battery is expressed to be given in volts. The current is passed at a very high, intermediate rate, given by a terminal current of that distance per volt in accordance with the principle (i.e., “where each point of the voltage is at an intermediate level” “where
“As a battery moves away from a work-flow and into a mode of operation while the battery remains in the work-flow, electricity can be transferred to it by means of a battery wire, being stored in another battery body which can further accelerate the transfer. The result is that the electric vehicle on which he used the engine and drives the motor, while on a conveyor belt, is able to run on a variable rate of electricity, even while on the motor-running belts, and still continue on to the end of the work-flow if the working belt does not keep the electric car moving forward.
“It may be observed, however, that the use of such a battery in such a way will, in general, enable a stationary vehicle to produce more electricity than for a stationary vehicle to discharge it on the conveyor belt. Indeed, as soon as the motor reaches a state of exhaustion, which is seldom reached for stationary vehicles, the electric car on that conveyor belt is able to pull itself forward and discharge the battery there. Such
In 1876 the American Electric Cooperative, Inc., in partnership with the Electric Light & Light Company Co., Ltd., was created to provide utility power to America’s large coal and nuclear industry. The Corporation was originally a small electric utility, but was gradually expanded to become a large, commercial utilities in the early 1880s.
The invention of the electric generator provided the opportunity to provide electrically superior power to the large majority of electricity consumers. The electric generator provided improved utility power and improved utility equipment. The invention of the electric generator provided improved utility power and improved utility equipment.
For convenience, this article refers to utility power in terms of the power used for household use, not as a raw material, but as a source of surplus electric energy, like a large quantity of raw materials, in a home utility. The invention of an electrostatic generator is also used in the United States and the inventors have been responsible for many of
Experiments such as this, in which the legs of a frog or bird were stimulated by contact with different types of metals, led Luigi Galvani in 171 to propose his theory that animal tissues generate electricity.
The BatteryIn experimenting with what he called atmospheric electricity, Galvani found that a frog muscle would twitch when hung by a brass hook on an iron lattice. Another Italian, Alessandro Volta, a professor at the University of Pavia, affirmed that the brass and iron, separated by the moist tissue of the frog, were generating electricity and that the frogs leg was simply a detector. In 1800, Volta succeeded in amplifying the effect by stacking plates made of copper, zinc and moistened pasteboard respectively and in so doing he invented the battery.
A battery separates electrical charge by chemical means. If the charge is removed in some way, the battery separates more charge, thus transforming chemical energy into electrical energy. A battery can affect charges, for instance, by forcing them through the filament of a light bulb. Its ability to do work by electrical means is measured by the volt, named for Volta. A volt is equal to 1 joule of work or energy (1 joule = 2.78/10,000,000 kilowatt-hours) for each coulomb of charge. The electrical ability of battery to do work is called the electromotive force, or emf.
Alessandro Volta (1745-1827) invented the first electric battery known as the voltaic pile, in 1800. Voltaic piles consisted of a stack of alternating discs of zinc and copper or silver separated by felt soaked in brine. They provided, for the first time, a simple source of stored electrical energy that did not rely on mechanical means.
ElectromagnetismThe advent of the battery meant that more experiments could be carried out with a reasonably controllable and sustained flow of electricity. During one experiment in 1820, Hans Christian Oersted noticed that a current of electricity would cause a deflection on a compass needle. From this observation, Oersted deduced that there was a relationship between electricity and magnetism, as Thales had naively thought, and introduced the world to electromagnetism.
Oersteds