The Role of Human Resources in Managing Knowledge Within Organisations
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The Role of Human Resources in Managing Knowledge within Organisations
The correct utilisation and management of knowledge has been cited as a key way of assisting firms in evolving in tandum with the ever changing environments they work within. However this manifestaiton of knowledge and skills is far more complecated then first envisaged. A huge amount of debate has arisen in terms of the direction and correct implementation of skills, learning, knowledge, and information on a practical level (Drucker; 1999). Although this debate has assisted in the creation of a number of managerial approaches and provided conceptual depth, there is still no thorough best practice framework for firms to operate with, with many gaps and conflicting theoretical approaches arising (Becker; 2006).
The primary goal of managing knowledge in a firm is the creation of competencies and profiencies, to mould firms strategys, and create essential skills needed by the firm to operate and compete in a complex and evolving environment of globilisation and technologicial advancement. Organisational learning is now accepted as a central , rather then periphal organisational variable, with its competitive value widely recognised (Re: Andrews 2000 ; pp1).
HRM Proceesess in managing knowledge:
The role of the human resource department is to assist in the transferance, creation, storage and maintance of knowledge within a firm in a synergetic manner to support the business, and create a platform of learning which establishes the firms abilities and capbilities not just now but in the future (Mayo; 1998).This role of Human Resources Management in the managing of knowledge is a essentail one, as it is through this role which laregly links the strategic intent of the HRM department and the overall business strategy of the firm.While Goodman (1998) states it involves contributing and adopting as two key processes in knowlegde management
The overall functions of the HRM department has a number of distinctive influences on knowledge management and creation within firms includes:
1.Recruitment – New ideas and concepts bought into the firm.
2.Cultural Support – Assists in knowledge spread , informal knowledge creation, knowledge storage (Szulanski 1996).
3.Training and Development – Creation of new ideas and concepts (Nonaka 1995)
4.Management Process – Supports the maintance and transference of knowledge, Firm structure can also play a huge role in how knowledge is created and transferred.
These functions are used to ensure the firm can act profiecently, with the HRM department ensuring firm operatrions are benchmarked and effective, with any inefficiencies being met and confronted through Skill Gap recognition and aqeate measures being put in place through recruitment, training, developent and knowledge reinforcement to fill these gaps. However critics such as Scarbrough (2000) claim this use of matching proposed or current skills gap with action may lead to a lack of flexibility in dynamic industries, in which the future consumer/environmental needs cannot be easily forcast,or change constantly
Formats of Learning/Knowledge Management:
The human resource department as a whole has a number of ways to increase employee knowledge or assist in the transfer of knowledge from one employee to another within the firm.
These forms can include: (Mczenzie 2004)
1.Formal (Human Capital) or informal (Social Capital),
2.Structured (e.g. Workshops) or unstructured (e.g. Social)
3.Planned or unplanned
4.Controlled or uncontrolled
Employees minds similar to computers record information around them with all aspects including their environmnet, social networks,training,responsibilities and surroundings being soaked up and recorded or rejected if not understood or incompatibale with the computers hardware. Each of the forms of learning such as Coaching (Transfer of knowledge from one member to another) has its advantagses but alos its disadvantages(Coaching can be biased and have a knock on effect if the coaching member has made a mistake) etc but what is essentail is that each firm weighs the advantages and disadvantages of each format and provides a framework suited to their own operations and based on their resources taking into account individual barriers.
Also the firm must ensure that the learning of employees is directed in some form regardless of whether the learning is controlled or uncontrolled so that learning is in the best interest of the firm. The correct implemenation and structuring of a knowledge managemnt framework can provide the firm with both a highly skilled competent/profecient workforce but the wrong direction of such a framework or non understanding of skill need/environmental issues can lead to the overall business objectives and company competivness being completely eroded.
People Management:
A number of critics have identified a growing gap in terms of people issues in favour of a concern with the technological and systems aspects (Robertson 2000 pp1). Buisiness are entrenching themselves in the frameworks, systems, approaches, and strategies used to increase knowledge within firm and are laregely forgettin the human emotional aspect involved in such a process.An alternatie route is that of the Resource Based View firm, or Human Capitial/Commitment based practice firms (Collins 2006) in which firm business strategy are based on human resource capabilities and competencies rather then vica versa, with all projects based on these human capabilities..and lean towards human capital used as a key resource to provide business strategy,
Individual variable:
The human mind is always learning and adapting to the environment and situations it operates in, in many ways we are conditoned by our environments to learn and adapt to social norms, environmental conditions and preset cultural values and expectancies (Collins 2006). It is a firms task and need to somehow direct these distinicitve individual skills, knowlege, traits, chariteristics, training and education into a core framework which provides direction for the firm as a whole.
Individuality plays a key role in terms of the direction of HRM learning initatives. A number of therorists