Rosa ParksEssay title: Rosa ParksThroughout the African American civil rights movement opportunities were sought to spark a chance at improving conditions in the south. Rosa Parks refusing to give up her seat on the Montgomery, Alabama bus was the fire to that spark. Rosa, standing up for herself something anyone person in today’s world would do, was arrested and put in jail. While Rosa was in jail she caught the eye of many people in the Civil Rights Movement, including the leaders. The Civil Rights leaders protested her arrest and hired lawyers to aid her in her trial. Although she was found guilty and was fined fourteen dollars for the cost of the court case, which lasted on thirty minutes, she wasn’t done yet. Rosa Parks has affected the society we live in today in many ways, she is the most influential person the black community has ever seen.
Rosa Parks, North American hero, or North American tragedy it depends on how you view her. Born in Tuskegee, Alabama on February 4, 1913, she was raised in an era during segregation which was normal and that black suppression was a normal way of life. Her mother worked as a school teacher at the school in Tuskegee. Rosas father, James McCauley, worked as a carpenter. After her brother, Sylvester, was born, their dad had left them. He was cheated out on his land and couldnt support the family anymore. Her mom, brother and herself, then moved in with their grandparents. She finished High school in 1933, and continued her education at Alabama State College. She married in 1932 to a barber named Raymond Parks. She worked as an insurance salesperson, a clerk, and a tailor’s assistant in a department store. She also was employed as a seamstress by a white resident of Montgomery, who was a supporter of black Americans struggle for equal rights and freedom. She became active in Civil Rights work in the 1930’s.
The fight by African Americans for equal rights had been going on for years, one day Rosa Parks really got that battle going. Segregation was most visible on the buses in Montgomery. African Americans were told to ride in the back ten rows of the buses. The first ten rows were for white people and the center ten rows were whatever the bus driver wanted them to be. Many times the African Americans had to enter the front door to pay their toll, exit the front door and go in the back door of the bus. The bus drivers would often drive away while the African Americans were walking to the back door. Jim Crow laws prevented blacks from receiving the same rights as all other citizens.
On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks was arrested in Montgomery, Alabama for not standing and letting a white bus rider take her seat. She was found guilty for disorderly conduct and fined fourteen dollars. The city law stated that all African Americans were to sit in separate rows on the buses. African Americans had to sit in the back rows of the bus because the front rows of the bus were reserved of the white passengers. Rosa was tired of all the horrible treatment her and her fellow African Americans were receiving everyday of their lives.
Rosa Parks was not the first African American arrested for this crime, in fact many others in the past were taken into custody, but she was the first well-known African American that would be arrested for this crime. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., a young African American pastor at the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, came to acknowledge Rosa and her trouble. Dr King felt that a protest of some sort was needed. Dr. King called a meeting to inform others about Rosa Park. The meeting was held at his church and an overwhelming number of people attended. He expressed the points of Interest and what needed to be done, but most important, “Only they could fight back”. Dr. King set up a boycott on the bus company.
On December 5, 1955 the Montgomery Bus boycott began and it lasted for 381 days. The boycott brought attention to the young pastor, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. African Americans walked, rode bikes, or carpooled instead of taking the bus. As the boycott continued the white community became furious and started to fight back with harassment and terrorism. African Americans waiting on the street corners were arrested for loitering, carpools were arrested for picking up hitchhikers, and almost all the African American’s lost their jobs. Some African Americans help their fellow African Americans by giving them rides, but others attacked them. During the boycott, the bus company lost sixty-five percent of their earnings.
The boycott was more intense than any other type of group. The president of the first black group, Robert F. Kennedy, denounced the boycott as “an insult to blacks” of all races. The NAACP held a rally in front of George Washington University in Washington, D.C. that year. President Calvin G. Wright urged African Americans to take up arms because “the Negro should not lose his birthright to citizenship because of a religious belief.” On the same day the group met in Washington, President Eisenhower took a stand against any form of white supremacy, particularly by racial discrimination that included racialization. President Eisenhower held a White House “black council” with his own black family, where he stated that he and his father had a civil war and he would lead it “to hell.” On May 19, 1958, President Eisenhower was elected president of the United States, but this did not happen for another two years. Congress created the National Advisory Council on African American Americans, in 1978. In 1988, the advisory council was renewed, but the National Advisory Council had been removed from the federal court of appeals because a member of President Jimmy Carter’s minority commission refused to allow a private review of President George W. Bush. The majority of black ministers were not considered to be civil racists, and the majority were elected instead of President Jimmy Carter. In 1993, the African American Advisory Council officially became a civil group since the advisory body had also refused to allow its racialists to participate in election debates. This means the advisory body has continued to hold meetings and vote with minorities to determine their policies and positions. After President Reagan withdrew from the presidential primary in 1984, the Advisory Council was reinstated by President Bill Clinton. In 2012, the advisory body was re-established by President Barack Obama to become an organization where the majority of its members are black ministers. In 2015, the Advisory Council is made up of black leaders from eight countries of the world, including Ghana, Cameroon, Congo, Iran, Iraq, Kenya, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Uganda, and Zimbabwe.
The boycott was more intense than any other type of group. The president of the first black group, Robert F. Kennedy, denounced the boycott as “an insult to blacks” of all races. The NAACP held a rally in front of George Washington University in Washington, D.C. that year. President Calvin G. Wright urged African Americans to take up arms because “the Negro should not lose his birthright to citizenship because of a religious belief.” On the same day the group met in Washington, President Eisenhower took a stand against any form of white supremacy, particularly by racial discrimination that included racialization. President Eisenhower held a White House “black council” with his own black family, where he stated that he and his father had a civil war and he would lead it “to hell.” On May 19, 1958, President Eisenhower was elected president of the United States, but this did not happen for another two years. Congress created the National Advisory Council on African American Americans, in 1978. In 1988, the advisory council was renewed, but the National Advisory Council had been removed from the federal court of appeals because a member of President Jimmy Carter’s minority commission refused to allow a private review of President George W. Bush. The majority of black ministers were not considered to be civil racists, and the majority were elected instead of President Jimmy Carter. In 1993, the African American Advisory Council officially became a civil group since the advisory body had also refused to allow its racialists to participate in election debates. This means the advisory body has continued to hold meetings and vote with minorities to determine their policies and positions. After President Reagan withdrew from the presidential primary in 1984, the Advisory Council was reinstated by President Bill Clinton. In 2012, the advisory body was re-established by President Barack Obama to become an organization where the majority of its members are black ministers. In 2015, the Advisory Council is made up of black leaders from eight countries of the world, including Ghana, Cameroon, Congo, Iran, Iraq, Kenya, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Uganda, and Zimbabwe.
The boycott was more intense than any other type of group. The president of the first black group, Robert F. Kennedy, denounced the boycott as “an insult to blacks” of all races. The NAACP held a rally in front of George Washington University in Washington, D.C. that year. President Calvin G. Wright urged African Americans to take up arms because “the Negro should not lose his birthright to citizenship because of a religious belief.” On the same day the group met in Washington, President Eisenhower took a stand against any form of white supremacy, particularly by racial discrimination that included racialization. President Eisenhower held a White House “black council” with his own black family, where he stated that he and his father had a civil war and he would lead it “to hell.” On May 19, 1958, President Eisenhower was elected president of the United States, but this did not happen for another two years. Congress created the National Advisory Council on African American Americans, in 1978. In 1988, the advisory council was renewed, but the National Advisory Council had been removed from the federal court of appeals because a member of President Jimmy Carter’s minority commission refused to allow a private review of President George W. Bush. The majority of black ministers were not considered to be civil racists, and the majority were elected instead of President Jimmy Carter. In 1993, the African American Advisory Council officially became a civil group since the advisory body had also refused to allow its racialists to participate in election debates. This means the advisory body has continued to hold meetings and vote with minorities to determine their policies and positions. After President Reagan withdrew from the presidential primary in 1984, the Advisory Council was reinstated by President Bill Clinton. In 2012, the advisory body was re-established by President Barack Obama to become an organization where the majority of its members are black ministers. In 2015, the Advisory Council is made up of black leaders from eight countries of the world, including Ghana, Cameroon, Congo, Iran, Iraq, Kenya, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Uganda, and Zimbabwe.
After twelve months of 50,000 African Americans boycotting, a federal court ordered the desegregation of the cities busses. On November 13, 1956 the supreme court ruled in favor of the African American boycotter. December 21, 1956, Dr. Martin Luther King and Rev. Glenn Smiley, a white man, shared the front seat of the bus In Montgomery, Alabama. Rosa said it was hard for her to