Sigmund FreudJoin now to read essay Sigmund FreudSigmund Freud(1856-1939)Julissa TarrilloOctober 24, 2002Psychology 101Dr. J. K. DawotolaSigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856 in Freiberg (now Pribor, Czech Republic). Freud was educated at Vienna University. Then him and his family moved to Leipzig from the anti-Semitic riots. His ambition in his childhood had been a career in law but then he decided to be medical student before he entered to Vienna University in 1873. After this he desire to study natural science and to solve challenging problems that confronted contemporary scientist. In his three year at Vienna University Freud began his research in central nervous system in the physiological lab under the direction of German Physician Ernst Wilhelm Von Brucke.
In 1881 after completing a year compulsory military service he receive his medical degree. After he received his degree he remained at the university as a demonstrator in the physiological laboratory. Freud spent three years at the General Hospital of Vienna devoting himself to psychiatry, dermatology, and nervous disease. In 1885 after appointed as lecturer in neuropathology at the university he decided to leave his post in the hospital. Later that same year Freud studies under Jean Charcot in which centered largely on hysteria, influenced Freud greatly in channeling his interest to psychopathology. Freud than established a private practice in Vienna specializing in nervous disease.
In 1891, Freud’s first published work, On Aphasia, it was the study of neurological disorder in which the ability to pronounce words or to name common objects is lost as a result of organic brain disease. His final work in neurology was an article, “Infantile Cerebral Paralysis”, was written in 1897 for an encyclopedia. His consecutive writing were devoted entirely to that field, which he had named psychoanalysis in 1896. Sigmund Freud developed the technique of psychoanalysis and much of the psychoanalytic theory based on its application. The first of Freuds innovations was his recognition of unconscious psychiatric processes that follow laws different from those that govern conscious experience.
A basic assumption of Freudian theory is that the unconscious conflicts involve instinctual impulses, or drives, that originate in childhood. His work concerning the structure and the functioning of the human mind had far-reaching significance, both practically and scientifically, and it continues to influence contemporary thought. Freud’s new orientation was an indication by his collaborative work on hysteria with the Viennese physician Josef Breuer. His work was presented in 1893 in preliminary paper, and two years later in expanded form under the title Studies on Hysteria. In his work the symptoms of hysteria were ascribed to manifestations of undischarged emotional energy associated with forgotten psychic traumas. The publication of this work marked the beginning of psychoanalytic theory taken from the basis of clinical observations.
Freud during the period of 1895 to 1900 he developed the concepts that were later incorporated into psychoanalytic practice and doctrine. In psychoanalysis, Freud sought to eliminate neurotic symptoms by bringing the individual’s repressed fantasies, memories, and emotions into consciousness. After publishing the studies on hysteria he abandoned the use of hypnosis as a cathartic procedure and substituted the investigation of the patients spontaneous flow of thoughts, called free association, to reveal the unconscious mental processes at the root of the neurotic disturbance. In his clinical observations found evidence for the mental mechanisms of repression and resistance. He described repression as a device operating unconsciously to make the memory of painful or threatening events inaccessible to
\1\ patients, and thus he applied to mental psychotherapists the practice of the open-ended removal of those aspects of psyche that his theory did not embrace. Freud and the Psychoanalytic Tradition are the main sources of knowledge concerning the mental processes of repression.^ At the same time, however, a critical reading is provided of psychoanalytic approaches to this subject and of Freud’s theory regarding the psyche as a “program that produces certain changes in the internal state of the individual. By focusing on, and examining the development and process of, this program the psychoanalytic process is able to realize a better understanding of the internal system and the human subject, of its function in life, to make use of, and to learn from, what are called the unconscious processes of repression. These programs, such as the program on which psychoanalysis deals, were developed by psychoanalysis and later are the source of the understanding of psychoanalysis and their practice, of the theory of psychoanalytic psychoanalysis, and of psychoanalysis’s approach to psychoanalysis. This is not to say that Freud, who was born into a psychoanalytic family, is not a natural psychic. But he is, and has been, certainly an important figure in this respect.<***\ "Freud's psychoanalytic practice was very different from that of his contemporaries. In fact, Freud's theories, when applied in a social context or to the everyday human condition, were almost solely a substitute for the psychoanalyst's and psychoanalyst's theories. They were often quite contrary to each another. It was Freud's interpretation of the psychoanalysis of psychoanalysis that was an important source of his psychoanalytic system. He thought that psychoanalysis had to develop a theory of psychological development. It was not Freud's theory of psychoanalytic development that he used to use to analyze his theory, or the theory itself, after the death of his father, that was the primary basis of his theory. And it was rather that the theory of psychoanalysis developed later in the period of Freud's research when it was developed in his family. The theory of psychoanalysis is one that, like psychoanalytic development, is a necessary presupposition of one's life, a subject to study and be trained for life. He was not Freud's theory of psychoanalytic development because it was a concept and one which had been developed from both his own experience and from the early social theory of psychoanalysis. Freud had to develop his theory because Freud was one of the most gifted psychoanalysts of the period of his life. He had a profound understanding of the history of psychoanalysis during that period, at a time when the psychoanalyngist's influence on psychoanalysis was expanding rapidly, and he also had the means to discover and to investigate aspects of the psychoanalystic practices of psychoanalysts such as the psychoanalytic method and what he called the psychoanalytic method of psychoanalysis. Freud also developed a theoretical concept of psychoanalytic development. One such concept is the psychological development of the ego in society. I do not deny that a psychological development has to take place within society a certain time. But one cannot deny that the unconscious aspects of the psyche are