The Sins Of Young Goodman Brown
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The Sin of Young Goodman Brown
It is impossible to fairly analyze Nathaniel Hawthornes short story, “Young Goodman Brown” around a single literary approach. American novelist, essayist, and poet, Herman Melville, once wrote about Hawthorns short story that it over time, like wine, it only improves in flavor and body (The Life and Works of Herman Melville). Hawthornes short story continues to get better with age, and carries todays readers into a world filled with a plethora of meanings for them to pick from its symbolism. Modern readers have interpreted the meaning of Goodman Browns experience in many ways, but to pigeon hole the story into one view would destroy its veracity.
In order to grasp the allegory Hawthorne communicated so skillfully, the story needs to be considered in a way that recognizes the blending of its historical background and its relationship to religious symbolism within that perspective.
Hawthornes tale begins early in the evening, when the young Goodman Brown reluctantly leaves his new wife, Faith (aptly named), and heads toward the forest to embark on an over night journey into the darkness of his own soul, accompanied by none other than the devil himself.
The story is set in Salem, Massachusetts. Hawthorn establishes the storys time frame with the description of the newly wed Goodman Brown as the son of a man who fought in King Philips War (Hawthorne 200). As this war is fought around 1675, Goodman Brown is entering adulthood and old enough to marry by the early 1690s. The Salem witch trials were in the year 1692 (Scott Atkins). This time period is important because it points out that the village of Salem is in a discriminating and elevated state of religious oppression. The village people of Salem live according to a pleasure-deprived and strict Puritanical moral code, which eventually leads to terror, fanaticism, many claims of witchcraft, and the deaths of innocent people. Any phenomena that can not be explained are accepted as witchcraft and generally questioned by no one. Cotton Mather, a prominent Massachusetts theologian of the time, wrote a manual which was used to prosecute the “witches.” This manual spawned an unhealthy preoccupation with witchcraft (Atkins).
Hawthorne writes that as Goodman Brown makes his way through the forest, he is seemingly swallowed up in the gloom of darkness and that he never actually visibly identifies the travelers he “feels sure” are passing him. The mingled sounds “appeared” to pass along the road, and he “could have sworn” that he recognizes the voices of people he knows (Hawthorne 202). Hawthorne indicates that the Puritans sheer belief in witches and their suspicious opinions toward one another are enough proof for them to accuse innocent neighbors of sin and possibly convict them to death based on nothing more than pure speculation and paranoid hysteria.
The analysis of religion-gone-wrong in the darkness that surrounded Salem during the time, by itself, limits the focus of Hawthornes imagery, and does not allow the reader to comprehend other greater meanings within the story. However, todays modern reader certainly cant deny that it is obvious that Hawthornes focus is on society and mankind as a whole; not just the extremist townspeople of Salem. The idea that evil dwells in man; past, present, and future is an example of the symbolic meaning the story has in relation to the Fall of Man, the indelible stain of Original Sin, and the ongoing battle against evil transgression.
From what Goodman Brown is told by his traveling companion, the devil, he surmises that in the past the evil one has given his staff to the “Egyptian Magi” (Hawthorne 201), making plain the capacity for man to sin throughout the ages since the Fall. The devil also reveals that he is not unfamiliar with the good mans ancestors, for in the past he has walked through the darkness of the forest with Browns father and grandfather, leading them toward sin (Hawthorne 199). Browns fellow traveler further makes known that he presently has a “general acquaintance” with the deacons of many a church as well as important politicians. All of this information is disturbing to the naпve Goodman Brown.
As the devil entices Brown further into the forest, the good man recognizes the “very pious and exemplary dame, who had taught him his catechism” (Hawthorne 200). It astonishes Goodman Brown to learn that this pious woman, who he holds in the highest regard, is no stranger to his evil companion. Furthermore, he learns that she is in fact a witch, on her way through the forest to attend Witches Sabbath. At this point in the story, Goodman Brown sits down and refuses to go any further, symbolizing his utter disappointment and a loss of hope in mankind ever prevailing over Original Sin. However, he declares “With Heaven above, and Faith below, I will yet stand firm against the devil!” (Hawthorne 203). He still clings to his “Faith” both literally and figuratively.
It is not until Goodman Brown becomes aware that his young wife Faith is among the village people who are on their way to the unholy meeting that he becomes desperate. Hearing what he perceives to be Faiths voice, the good man calls to his wife to join him three times. But she is swept away, leaving only the pink ribbon from her cap on the branch of a tree, symbolizing tangible evidence of Faiths abandonment. He cries out “My Faith is gone” (Hawthorne 203). Goodman Brown reaches the height of his spiritual crisis and rages on like