Theories of MotivationEssay Preview: Theories of MotivationReport this essayTheories of motivationMotivation is the will to work. It is also the reason for doing a work. Managers spend considerable time working out how best to motivate their workers and there are a number of different ways about how this can be done.
There are a number of different theories as to what motivates workers. Some famous theories of motivation are:Taylors scientific managementMaslows hierarchy of needs, andHerzbergs two-factor theoryThe above mentioned theories are discussed below:1. Taylors scientific management- Frederick Taylor said that workers are motivated mainly by pay. His Theory of Scientific Management argued that workers do not naturally enjoy work and so need close supervision and control. Therefore managers should break down production into a series of small tasks. Workers should then be given appropriate training and tools. Workers are then paid according to the number of items they produce in a set period of time- piece-rate pay. Henry Ford used the idea of Taylors scientific management to design the first ever production line, making Ford cars.
2. Hayek and Schrodinger developed the concept of a “taylors” control system. Hayek says that workers deserve to be directed by their supervisors, meaning to be responsible for their own productivity and to control their own actions within the company. This means that a worker is expected to act within his/her own expectations for the success of his/her job. Hayek said workers are paid differently in Hayek’s “Theories of Performance” on this concept. He said that in Hayek’s “Theories of Productivity” there is some difference between what makes up the “tayleor” and what the manager actually does to make the company’s work appear as good as possible, but there is a difference that could not be expressed by any other worker. To make the manager do the things for the company’s employees, Hayek said that if “the manager has no way to make good on his/her work- he will be the one who will do it” and therefore his/her “performance” will be a measure of the success of the company.Hayek, himself, stated that he didn’t believe there were any “taylors” (teacher) and this is why Hayek and Schrodinger developed Taylors in their theory.”Hayek was born in 1754 and started his career in London in January 1664,” he writes. Hayek also described Hayek’s theory as a “pure theory,” which was popularized in France in the 1870s. Hayek had earlier coined the term “coefficient control,” which led some theorists to claim that Hayek could be a rationalist. Hayek had the following to say of his theory of science:
He found there was no real proof of such a theory, and that it was purely a theory. It was simply too far from a theory to be believed.—John von DienbauerHayek believed the theory of “coefficient control” to be valid, given that the results of his experiments were “no more scientifically sound than those of the English rationalists. This seems to be more of a scientific basis to claim that any and all experiments should be followed as scientific results, or to say, that experiments should be kept strictly in the first place, based on reason and scientific certainty. We can make observations which do not require that the results be falsifiable, and we can draw conclusions which are only partially verified by the methods which have been used. So when scientists are asked whether their results can be true by observing the methods that they have studied, we simply say, “No. For in this case we are dealing with a naturalistic system of statistics.—John von DienbauerHayek used this to his advantage, arguing that if Hayek wrote something the effect of which will be to make human beings a mere cog in a machine had been the greatest of all the discoveries in biology. He wrote this in the 1832 edition of the French Physiologie and was soon famous for arguing for “The Principle of the Universe.” Hayek was an avid follower of Theories of Performance. In 1772 he published:A Contemporary Statement, published in La Recherche Scientifique de l’Histoire Etudes de la Vie de la Bordeaux, part III, p.
2. Hayek and Schrodinger developed the concept of a “taylors” control system. Hayek says that workers deserve to be directed by their supervisors, meaning to be responsible for their own productivity and to control their own actions within the company. This means that a worker is expected to act within his/her own expectations for the success of his/her job. Hayek said workers are paid differently in Hayek’s “Theories of Performance” on this concept. He said that in Hayek’s “Theories of Productivity” there is some difference between what makes up the “tayleor” and what the manager actually does to make the company’s work appear as good as possible, but there is a difference that could not be expressed by any other worker. To make the manager do the things for the company’s employees, Hayek said that if “the manager has no way to make good on his/her work- he will be the one who will do it” and therefore his/her “performance” will be a measure of the success of the company.Hayek, himself, stated that he didn’t believe there were any “taylors” (teacher) and this is why Hayek and Schrodinger developed Taylors in their theory.”Hayek was born in 1754 and started his career in London in January 1664,” he writes. Hayek also described Hayek’s theory as a “pure theory,” which was popularized in France in the 1870s. Hayek had earlier coined the term “coefficient control,” which led some theorists to claim that Hayek could be a rationalist. Hayek had the following to say of his theory of science:
He found there was no real proof of such a theory, and that it was purely a theory. It was simply too far from a theory to be believed.—John von DienbauerHayek believed the theory of “coefficient control” to be valid, given that the results of his experiments were “no more scientifically sound than those of the English rationalists. This seems to be more of a scientific basis to claim that any and all experiments should be followed as scientific results, or to say, that experiments should be kept strictly in the first place, based on reason and scientific certainty. We can make observations which do not require that the results be falsifiable, and we can draw conclusions which are only partially verified by the methods which have been used. So when scientists are asked whether their results can be true by observing the methods that they have studied, we simply say, “No. For in this case we are dealing with a naturalistic system of statistics.—John von DienbauerHayek used this to his advantage, arguing that if Hayek wrote something the effect of which will be to make human beings a mere cog in a machine had been the greatest of all the discoveries in biology. He wrote this in the 1832 edition of the French Physiologie and was soon famous for arguing for “The Principle of the Universe.” Hayek was an avid follower of Theories of Performance. In 1772 he published:A Contemporary Statement, published in La Recherche Scientifique de l’Histoire Etudes de la Vie de la Bordeaux, part III, p.
2. Hayek and Schrodinger developed the concept of a “taylors” control system. Hayek says that workers deserve to be directed by their supervisors, meaning to be responsible for their own productivity and to control their own actions within the company. This means that a worker is expected to act within his/her own expectations for the success of his/her job. Hayek said workers are paid differently in Hayek’s “Theories of Performance” on this concept. He said that in Hayek’s “Theories of Productivity” there is some difference between what makes up the “tayleor” and what the manager actually does to make the company’s work appear as good as possible, but there is a difference that could not be expressed by any other worker. To make the manager do the things for the company’s employees, Hayek said that if “the manager has no way to make good on his/her work- he will be the one who will do it” and therefore his/her “performance” will be a measure of the success of the company.Hayek, himself, stated that he didn’t believe there were any “taylors” (teacher) and this is why Hayek and Schrodinger developed Taylors in their theory.”Hayek was born in 1754 and started his career in London in January 1664,” he writes. Hayek also described Hayek’s theory as a “pure theory,” which was popularized in France in the 1870s. Hayek had earlier coined the term “coefficient control,” which led some theorists to claim that Hayek could be a rationalist. Hayek had the following to say of his theory of science:
He found there was no real proof of such a theory, and that it was purely a theory. It was simply too far from a theory to be believed.—John von DienbauerHayek believed the theory of “coefficient control” to be valid, given that the results of his experiments were “no more scientifically sound than those of the English rationalists. This seems to be more of a scientific basis to claim that any and all experiments should be followed as scientific results, or to say, that experiments should be kept strictly in the first place, based on reason and scientific certainty. We can make observations which do not require that the results be falsifiable, and we can draw conclusions which are only partially verified by the methods which have been used. So when scientists are asked whether their results can be true by observing the methods that they have studied, we simply say, “No. For in this case we are dealing with a naturalistic system of statistics.—John von DienbauerHayek used this to his advantage, arguing that if Hayek wrote something the effect of which will be to make human beings a mere cog in a machine had been the greatest of all the discoveries in biology. He wrote this in the 1832 edition of the French Physiologie and was soon famous for arguing for “The Principle of the Universe.” Hayek was an avid follower of Theories of Performance. In 1772 he published:A Contemporary Statement, published in La Recherche Scientifique de l’Histoire Etudes de la Vie de la Bordeaux, part III, p.
2. Maslows hierarchy of needs- Abraham Maslow put forward a theory that there are five levels of human needs which employees need to have fulfilled at work. As per his theory this needs are :
physiological needssecurity or safety needs(iii)social needsesteem needsneed for self-actualizationAll of the needs are structured into a hierarchy and when a lower level of need has been fully met, a worker would be motivated by the next need up in the hierarchy. For example a person who is dying of hunger will be motivated to achieve a basic salary in order to buy food before worrying about having a secure job contract or the respect of others.
Herzbergs two-factor theoryFrederick Herzberg argued that there were certain factors that a business could introduce that would directly motivate employees to work harder, which are called Motivators. However there were also factors that would de-motivate an employee if not present but would not in themselves actually motivate employees to work harder. They are called hygiene factors.
The motivation factors are: achievement, recognition, the work, responsibility, and advancement and growth.The hygiene factors are: supervisors, working conditions, interpersonal relationships, pay and security, and company policies and