Mayor Of Casterbridge
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I. Introduction
Thomas Hardys 1886 novel, The Mayor of Casterbridge, is an awesome drama rooted in early-nineteenth-century England. The story opens with an astonishing scene in which a drunken Michael Henchard sells his wife and daughter to a sailor at a local fair. The story eventually builds into a tale of guilt and revenge centered on Michael Henchards rise and subsequent fall from a position of power in Casterbridge. The Mayor of Casterbridge, however, plots not only the course of one mans character, but also the evolution of a small, agricultural village into a more modern town. In this novel, Thomas Hardy explores the cultural and economic evolution of England during his lifetime, and he also explores the unraveling of traditional moral codes in a society marked by increasing levels of industrialization and urbanization. Though Thomas Hardy abandoned Christianity himself during a portion of his lifetime, he uses The Mayor of Casterbridge to reveal to readers the decreasing moral and religious standards in the world they lived in. Hardy realizes the potential harm that could result from movements of industrialization and urbanization, and he uses this novel to reveal to readers the negative potential that these generally positive movements contain. Hardy reveals this negativity towards modernization through the use of Michael Henchard. Hardy leads Henchard through a series of shocking discoveries and personality changes, leaving Henchard unhappy and alone at the end. Thomas Hardys setting for this novel, an area called Wessex, is actually a fictional region created just for his novels, but the setting is reflective of traditional English towns. While Hardy does not actually criticize particular English villages or groups, he uses Wessex and its inhabitants to reveal his attitudes toward English society and landscape. Hardys writings in The Mayor of Casterbridge and other famous novels such as Jude the Obscure and Tess of the dUrbervilles dramatize his sense of “the inevitable tragedy of life” (Hardy 1). Hardy seems to focus more on the negativity of life rather than the positive aspects gained from experience. In the end, Hardy uses The Major of Casterbridge as a means of expression and also as a way to caution readers against the dangers of industrialization and urbanization efforts which were taking place in England during the period of publication.
II. Scholarly Article
In Shannon Rogers 1996 article entitled “The Medievalist Impulse of Thomas Hardy,” she claims that Thomas Hardy is a largely medievalist poet who “maintained an interest in the period throughout his career” (Rogers, 1). Rogers goes on to explain that Hardys view of this medieval period “takes on an urgency and somber tone expressive of the ache of modernism” (Rogers, 1). Rogers, however, states that while almost all of Hardys work contains medievalist aspects, his final two novels, Tess of the dUrbervilles and Jude the Obscure, are more representative of his medievalist views than any of his other works. Even still, in all of Hardys works, including The Mayor of Casterbridge, Hardy clearly expresses his fascination with the medieval period.
Although Rogers acknowledges that Hardys last two novels are his most medievalist works, she does state that all of Hardys works contains at least a hint of medievalist society. In most of his works, however, Hardys medieval interest “can be summed up in his architectural background” (Rogers, 1). Early in his adulthood, Hardy often participated in restoration projects. Later in his life, however, Thomas Hardy held these restoration and conservation efforts in contempt. Hardy believed that by restoring this medieval architecture, England was losing a rich part of its history that could never be regained. He believed that by restoring the medieval buildings to modern standards, the citizens of England were being robbed of their past. Despite this belief, Hardy realized that “the natural order is toward progress” (Rogers, 6).
Hardys interest in the medieval architecture is clearly illustrated in The Mayor of Casterbridge. All of the buildings in the town of Casterbridge seem to be of medievalist architecture, and Hardys contempt of restoration is evident in the fact that these buildings appear to still be representative of the period in which they were erected. From the Roman amphitheater where Henchard meets Susan again to Henchards own house and farm, medieval architecture is everywhere. All of these buildings are perfect representations of Hardys contempt for modern restoration efforts because of their pristine condition. Had Hardy been a supporter of the restoration movements popular in England during his time, he probably would have made the buildings in The Mayor of Casterbridge a little bit more run down. By making these buildings run down, Hardy would have been able to have the buildings restored by some of the major characters of the novel. Hardy, however, does not take this approach, and instead makes the buildings in the novel as amazing representations of the medieval period.
III. Authors Style
IV. Theme
In the world of literature, only a handful of universal themes exist. Though variations of these universal themes exist, only a handful of actual themes exist. Though several themes are present in Hardys The Mayor of Casterbridge, three main topics describe the most important themes. These topics include the importance of character, the value of a good name, and the endurance of the past.
Character is generally thought of as dealing with such values as honor and moral righteousness. However, Thomas Hardy characterizes Michael Henchard in a different way. Michael Henchard could be considered to be Thomas Hardys only true tragic hero, yet Henchard lacks in honor and moral righteousness. That said, Henchards heroic character arises from different traits. Henchard is a hero not for his honor, but for his ability to endure great pain. Henchard is a hero not for his morality, but for his determination to suffer. Henchard bears the burden of his own mistakes, and he takes responsibility for his actions instead of making cowardly excuses. Michael Henchard is truly a heroic character, but his character arises from his defiant endurance. Though Henchard is not a traditional hero, he is a perfect illustration of the fact that heroes and characters are not all the same, and, in fact, some heroes can even appear evil at first glance.
In many societies