Hansa Case Study
Essay title: Hansa Case Study
THE 2006 NATIONAL BUDGET
1.0 Introduction
The Minister of Finance Trevor Manuel delivered his 10th highly anticipated budget on the 15th February 2006, with what the Market Economic Research (MER) termed Ў§a remarkably successful fiscal policy era continuing to be in evidenceЎЁ The MER further attest to the fact that the overall tone of the budget is one of Ў§stability and conservatismЎЁ.
Broadly speaking many commentators maintain the budget Ў§is conservative, credible, emphasises stability and sustainability, enhances the expected positive macroeconomic trajectory for South Africa; and is financial market friendlyЎЁ (Du Toit, 2006).
Minister Manuel opened his speech by quoting Ben OkriЎ¦s rendition of ЎҐA way of being free, 1997ЎЁ ЎV Ў§There are no joys without the nightmares that precede them and spring them into lightЎЁ
2.0 South AfricaЎ¦s Economic Scenario
The Minister highlighted that 350 00 jobs were created in 2005, almost 1500 new jobs every working day.
Exports grew 12 % in real terms in 2005 and should continue to benefit from strong global growth, which will average 4.3 % in the next three years. Export growth is to benefit from continued commodity demand globally, favourable tourism trends and investment. Exports to Japan were highlighted. South Africa stands to benefit from JapanЎ¦s improving economic outlook. Exports to Japan increased from 5 % of total exports in 2001 to 9 %.
The current account deficit rose to 4.2 % in 2005 from 3.4 % in 2004, and 1.3 % in 2003 and it is expected to remain steady at 4.4 % in 2006 and 4.3 % in 2007. It poses no major threat to local macroeconomic stability as it will be easily financed by capital inflows.
The MER has been more optimistic than consensus on economic growth prospects. Its forecast for 2006 is for GDP growth of 5 %, well ahead of the projected 4.2 %. The MER therefore notes with interest that the MinisterЎ¦s growth projection for 2006, which has been upgraded to 4.9 % (from 3.8 % in October 2005), 4.7 % in 2007 (from 4.4 %) and 5.2 % in 2008 (from 4.8 %). These upgrades follow substantial revisions of recent yearsЎ¦ growth data by Statistics SA.
On the inflation front, CPIX is projected to remain moderate at close to the midpoint of the target range in the next three years, averaging 4.3 % in 2006, 4.5 % in 2007 and 4.8 % in 2008.
3.0 Revenue Highlights
In general major tax reforms over the past ten years have broadened the tax base. This combined with strong economic growth has boosted revenue.
Total revenue is estimated at R 411 billion in 2005/06 (up 18 % against a budgeted R 369.8 billion), an overrun of R 41.2 billion. All taxes with the exception of retirement funds, are running substantially above budget. Personal income taxes are at R 125 billion, 13.3 % above budget.
Company taxes are R 16 billion above budget. The buoyant property market boosted taxes on property to R 11 billion, 23.4 % above budget. VAT receipts are estimated at 17 % above the original budget_ total VAT receipts were R 115 billion, R 9 billion above budget.
Revenue is projected to rise to R 446.4 billion in 2006/07 according to the MER.
4.0 Expenditure
Government expenditure has risen considerably over the past ten years; R 4800 per person in 2005 compared to R 2000 a decade ago, which constitutes a 50 % increase in real terms. Total expenditure is estimated at R 419 billion in 2005/06 compared with a budgeted R 417.8 billion in February 2005.
GovernmentЎ¦s capital spending is to increase substantially in coming years and will amount to R 372 billion over that period. Capital expenditure rose by 4.8 % a year on average between 2000 and 2004 and this will rise to between 10 and 15 % in the period 2004 to 2008. All three spheres of government, major enterprises such as Transnet and Eskom; and municipalities, will drive this process. Major infrastructure projects include the Gautrain and the 2010 soccer world cup_ a sharp increase in activity in the construction and infrastructure sectors is anticipated.
There is also a large focus on social spending_ expenditure on key social services is to be raised in coming years, with spending across all sectors increasing at well above the inflation rate. Notably expenditure on education (10 %), health (9 %), welfare and social security (10 %) as well as housing and other social services (25 %) will be boosted. This should encourage activity in these respective sub-sectors_ new schools, hospitals, training facilities etc.
5.0 Tax Measures
Tax relief