Treasure Island: An AnalysisJoin now to read essay Treasure Island: An AnalysisTreasure Island: An AnalysisTreasure Island, by Robert Louis Stevenson, is a tale of adventure filled with exciting characters and set in exotic locales. This paper will present background information on both the novel and its author and analyze and discuss the major characters, themes and motifs. Stevenson was born the only child of a prosperous middle-class family in Edinburgh, Scotland, in November 1850. His father, Thomas, was a civil engineer who specialized in the design and construction of lighthouses. His mother, Margaret, was the daughter of a well-known clergyman (Livesey). Probably the two most important influences during Stevenson’s childhood were his family’s strict Presbyterian religion and his own poor health. During his frequent bouts with tuberculosis, his loving nurse, Alison Cunningham, liked to entertain him with stories of bloody deeds, hellfire, and damnation. This rendered him a frightened, guilt-ridden child and also apparently something of a little prude, a characteristic he certainly outgrew by the time he reached his late teens (Harvey).
Stevenson found the inspiration to write Treasure Island after drawing a treasure map with his twelve-year-old son, Lloyd (Sandison). Written as a memoir, the work opens with the line “Squire Trelawney, Dr. Livesey, and the rest of these gentlemen having asked me to write down the whole particulars about Treasure Island, from the beginning to the end, keeping nothing back but the bearings of the island, and that only because there is still treasure not yet lifted, I take up my pen in the year of grace 17-, and go back to the time when my father kept the Admiral Benbow Inn, and the brown old Seamen, with the sabre cut, first took up his lodging under our roof” (Stevenson 10). This opening befits Stevenson who had a “devotion to the art of letters and to the less sophisticated, though not necessarily childish, life of adventure” (Kiely 20). Stevenson would later reveal that the first fifteen chapters of Treasure Island were written in as many days (Swinnerton 64).
The Ship
Back in June 1857, a few years after the opening, an old friend sent a letter to one Sidney (Kiely 20), in hopes of a meeting:
«My friend (the old friend!) has given me the opportunity to do great work on the subject of Treasure Island for you but have not yet read it. But you will find his words charming. If nothing can prepare your mind, or your soul to the art of writing, I will use it as my subject! This letter will be published in my first issue of The Chronicle of England and of the Coast , which I am sure to print as well as have the book in it on the booksellers’ shelf in some of our small towns. It will then be given out in all the major volumes of the Chronicle of England. If you can please send an honest copy of it to me at the first post office. As I cannot be sent in by the people of London, I am to do business as usual in the Royal London Society.
This was not a letter from a gentleman like the old friend who wrote to one Sidney (Kiely 20), but an invitation to meet with me, and we had been communicating some time over the summer of 1862, in a letter addressed “William P. Seward of New Jersey.” The letter was addressed to Sidney to get him to deliver a gift, not only for the book but also the books himself. Seward had already written a gift to his nephew, John Howard, for $175,000, but had never received any payment from Sidney for the books since. Seward’s nephew had been receiving letters from the old man on a regular basis for about $5,000 in exchange for his letter. Seward sent a letter to the old man in hopes of learning more and more about how the book is made. A friend wrote to Seward to know if Sidney would send a copy to the old man. Seward wrote back, asking if he could give it “to the old man himself” if Seward had no interest in it. Seward never received a reply and only a letter from John Howard, who wanted a copy of the book. In the end, Seward sent the book back to the man, with instructions to write it down again. It was then mailed to Seward and was later sold to Seward and the rest of his crew for $18,000.
One of the first things Seward brought to Seward was a letter from the chief curator of the ship at the harbour of New Jersey, and the second one from the general manager of the captain’s room at the Seaman’s Ferry. Seward sent a special envelope to James O’Douane (Kiely 20), asking to add the following to the top of his letter, without spelling out the name of the man himself, as an apology of regret to his brother if he had not included this in the original letter. Seward also sent this letter to Seward as a souvenir, or at least a chance to write down the name of another man he had heard from from about a year or two earlier, such as Henry H. Brown or Charles R. A. Smith. Seward would also send it back to Seward. The letters and the note would show the name of the old man (Kiely 20), his surname, and at his request a picture of the man, and the picture was also taken by Seward. In November 1861, the New Jersey Historical Society received a letter from Seward that stated the following:
«The New Jersey Historical Society has received several letters today from the New Jersey
The main character of the story, a boy by the name of Jim Hawkins serves as the first-person narrator. The son of an innkeeper, Jim begins the tale with the arrival of a salty old ex-pirate to his family’s inn, the Admiral Benbow Inn. Jim is portrayed as very humble, never boasting about his many exciting and impressive deeds. Yet often impulsive, he is responsible for initiating the majority of the plot twists throughout the story. As the events unfold, Jim’s character changes dramatically showing increasing cleverness, courage, maturity, and perspective.
In the first few chapters, Jim is an easily frightened boy who is closely associated with home and family. Scared by the crusty old seaman Pew, Jim relies on his mother for protection. After his father dies, he embarks on a series of adventures and starts to think for himself which shows increasing initiative. Although Jim makes repeated mistakes, he learns from them, which demonstrates that he is maturing. He grows up quickly during the trip, starting out as the cabin boy and eventually naming himself captain after he reclaims the ship from the pirates. Although he is courageous, Jim’s individualism reminds us that he is still young.
The second most important character in Treasure Island is Captain Long John Silver. Silver is a very complex character and self-contradictory. He is cunning and mendacious, hiding his true intentions from Squire Trelawney while posing as the ship’s genial cook. He is very disloyal, shifting sides so frequently that the reader cannot be sure of his true affiliations. He is greedy and has an almost animal nature caring little about human relations, as illustrated by his cold-blooded murder of Tom Redruth.
Nonetheless, Silver is without question the most vital and charismatic character in the novel. Though lacking a leg, he moves swiftly and powerfully across unsteady decks and hoists himself over fences. His physical defect actually showcases his strength of character, as every step reveals his ability to overcome obstacles. Silver’s mental resolve is impressive: he is the only one of the pirates not to be spooked by Ben Gunn’s imitation of the dead Flint’s voice. He remains rational when faced with his men’s superstitions, driving them on to the treasure site. He demonstrates obvious leadership abilities, as he maintains control of his ragged and surly band of mutineers to the very end of their search despite heavy losses and suspicions of treachery. Some who have analyzed the book believe that Silver’s actions may have had a positive impact on Jim’s character, despite the negative effect he had on the story (Scott).
Doctor Livesey is another major character in Treasure Island. Dr. Livesey