An Investigation In To The Rate Of Reaction
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An investigation in to the rate of reaction
Plan:
I am going to investigate the rate of reaction. The reaction I will be using is:
Calcium Carbonate + Hydrochloric acid —- Calcium Chloride + water + carbon dioxide.
CaCO3 + 2HCl —- CaCl +H2O + CO2
Measurements and Variables:
The variables I have chosen to change is strength of the hydrochloric acid which will be 1 mole, 0.7 mole, 0.5 mole, 0.3 mole and 0.1 mole some variable I will not be using are temperature, mass, density.
The measurements I will be using are time (s) and volume in (cm3).
Fair Test:
To make sure this a fair test I will get exact amounts of the Hydrochloric acid and Calcium Carbonate. I will also make sure that the Gas syringe is at zero when I start the experiment. I will also try and start the stopwatch as soon as I add the Hydrochloric acid.
Safety:
To make sure this will be a safe experiment I will make sure I wear goggles at all time. I will wash my hand immediately after the experiment is over, and will make sure I am attentive when handling acid.
Prediction:
I predict that the stronger the concentration of hydrochloric acid the more carbon dioxide is given off. I think this because there will be more particles in a certain area (15cm3) so there will be more collisions. I also think that there will be a quantitative relationship that if you double the concentration the rate will double. I think this because of the collision theory.
I will be using strategy 3 because the gas syringe gives accurate readings, its quick and easy to set up and there is enough for everyone to use them.
I am not using strategy 1 because the measuring cylinder isnt very accurate and has to be perfectly vertical.
I am not using Strategy 2 because there are not enough electric scales.
Equipment
Calcium carbonate
Hydrochloric acid
Flask
Rubber plug tube
Gas syringe
Stand
Clamp
Stopwatch
Trial experiment:
I have done a trial experiment to see whether the strategy I am using is the suitable for my investigation.
I did this trial with 1 mole 0.5 mole and 0.1 mole and timed it over a period of 20 seconds, I recorded these results.
5 seconds
10 seconds
15 seconds
20 seconds
1mole
89cm3
93cm3
96cm3
97cm3
0.5 mole
56cm3
58cm3
59cm3
59.5cm3
0.1 mole
2.5cm3
3cm3
As you can see there is a good pattern as the stronger the acid the more carbon dioxide is given off. After these trial runs I have decided to carry on with the investigation with the same variable.
Analysis
I have found out that the more concentrated the solution is the more carbon dioxide is given off. This is because as I stated in my plan that if there is