Educational Mangement
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INTRODUCTION
Management in any organisation is crucial and key to the success or failure of the organisation. Managers are responsible for the smooth running of the organisation and any hick ups fall under their jurisdiction hence the need to have people with the knowledge and the skill to undertake this very important responsibility. Organisations differ in their approaches and implementation mainly due to the type of management and management style that the managers pursue. There are other factors that contribute to the effectiveness and efficiency of organisation and such factors include the global trends, the technological advancement. While these factors exist, management still stands out as a crucial ingredient for the success or the failure of any organisation. Organisation, whether they are providing services or goods have to thrive for excellence and produce the right qualities and quantities that will satisfy the customers. Customer satisfaction guarantees the survival of the organisation in this competitive global village. It is therefore very crucial that managers are aware of the global trends and adapt and adopt to the changes that take place within their industry. Any relaxation by management might see the organisation lose clients to their rivals and also see the collapse of the organisation. As such the management team should always be alert and be adaptive to the satisfaction of the client. This paper will discuss the various management styles that managers in service organisation use and relate these to the prevailing situation at the station, Hillside Teachers College. The writer will discuss the various leadership skills and management trends that are observed and practiced AT Hillside Teachers College. The management approaches that will be discussed are the Scientific Management theory, Bureaucratic Management theory, Behavioural Management Theory, Human Resource Management Theory and the Contingency or Situation theory. These theories will be looked at in conjunction with the leadership paradigms that are practiced at Hillside Teachers College. The leadership theories that will be considered in this essay are the democratic leadership style, laizaire Faire, and the autocratic leadership style. The first part of the essay will be the discussion of the theory of management and how they are applied in the modern era of management in the world in generally and specifically the service industry like education. The second component of the essay will look into the general analysis of the five styles of management and further the analyse the three leadership styles. Actualisation of the essay will mainly look at the theories of management and how they are applied at Hillside Teacher College. The discussion that will follow will be on the advantages and the disadvantages of the five theories of management. The next component will focus on the general recommendation of the five theories of management how they can be improved and make general comments. The conclusion will then follow and the last but not least reference page.
DESCRIPTION: Manangement is defined by Joyce (2008:6) as ” process of achieving organisational goals by engaging in the four major functions of planning organising leading and controlling”. Other authors will define management as doing work through others, which is basically delegating and leading to ensure that the objectives of the organisation are achieved. According to D. E. McFarland, (2008:24) “Management is the distinct process by which the managers create, direct, maintain and operate purposive organisation through systematic, co-coordinated and cooperative human efforts”. There are five management theories that this paper will discuss. The five theories of management differ in approaches and are applied by managers differently even if its one and the same theory.
CLASSICAL MANAGEMENT THEORIES: These are management theories that believe in management that manages work in a more efficient manner. Only two classic theories will be discussed
Scientific Management is a management theory that was propounded by Frederick Winslow Taylor in 1911. The Scientific management theory or approach is seen as seeking to a manage through the application of the best method so production is effective and at the same time efficient. Stoner and Freeman (1992:32) defined the, ” Scientific management as an approach , formulated by F.W. Taylor and others seeks to determine scientifically the best method for performing any task and for selecting , training and motivating workers” with the scientific management theory , Taylor went on to identify four main principles and fitted these under two words namely initiative and incentive. The understanding of this principle is that management rewards the workers for the work done efficiently and effectively. So Taylor then developed the four principles that would guide the scientific management theory. The First principle was that one has to develop a science for each element of mans work. The idea was to develop a true science of management that identifies the best method of performing a task and using it as the method that is best in the circumstances. The one and only method of performing the task will then be used every time in a bid to achieve the organisation set goals and objectives. Stoner and Freeman (1992), puts it like this “Principle one, Development of a true science of management so that the best method for performing each task could be determined.” The aim of the principle is to find a single best method to be used.
The second principle is that scientifically they should be selection of those people who have the pre-requisite skills to perform the work to satisfaction. Stoner and Freeman (1992:32) state that “scientific selection of workers so that each worker would be given responsibility for the task for which he or she was best suited” The guide on this management theory is that it is crucial to select the right people for the job. The qualification of the manpower to perform a given task is of paramount importance. The theory believes that if the right, qualified people with the correct work experience and knowledge are tasked to perform the work, then the work will be achieved to satisfaction. The work being done by the expert using the right method results in the attainment of quality and efficiency.
Third principle is that education is key to the workers and as they work they need to be developed further. Stoner and Freeman (1992) state that the third principle requires that there should be scientific education and development of the worker. The worker in a bid to ensure better performance and quality work is continuously up graded in terms of skill and knowledge. It means the worker has to be developed continuously and trained