UnemploymentUnemploymentUnemploymentIn compiling unemployment statistics for the United States and other developed countries, an unemployed person is defined as anyone who is capable of working and is actively seeking work but is unable to find a job. Before a person can be unemployed in this sense, he must be an active member of the labor force in search of a job. Students and homemakers do perform “work”, but they are not considered employed unless they are paid. However, they are not considered unemployed unless they are actively seeking jobs.
In societies in which a majority of the citizens are able to earn a living by working for others, being unable to locate and obtain a job is a very serious problem. Unemployment is widely used as a measure of workers welfare because of the human costs and feelings of rejection and personal failure. The number of workers unemployed also shows how well a nation’s human resources are used and serves as an index of economic activity. The civilian labor force comprises the total of all civilians classified as employed or unemployed. The total labor force also includes members of the Armed Forces stationed either in the US or abroad. The unemployment rate represents the number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force.
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In the United States, a substantial share of the civilian employment is employed by skilled workmen with a range of skill-enhancing abilities and services. At the same time, however, a fraction of workers have a low income or have little or no social skills necessary to support themselves. The proportion of the civilian employment in the United States is about 50 percent of the total labor force.
When the economy does well, the employment rate rises, raising labor force participation to over 60 percent at some point or another by around 2030, compared to only 20 percent in the US. The share of employment growth is even higher when the labour force participation rate is low during that period. Labor force participation is a measure of a worker’s potential for promotion, which is at a low point compared to pre-recession levels.
This graphic shows the extent to which, in the past year, nearly 500,000 people have added to the workforce through a combination of new technologies that have significantly decreased the number of working hours and increased the hours of workers who are part of that workforce.
This graphic illustrates the extent to which the growth trends observed here are statistically significant to US joblessness. All figures are rounded to the nearest million. In some instances, a large percentage of the large number are also employed. In other cases, as the figures illustrate, a large subset of workers is not in labor force for the first time.
The U.S. unemployment rate for full-time, part-time and part-time workers ages 25 to 64 is 2.4 million, up 11 percent from a year earlier. It is slightly higher than it was in October of 2013, when the figure was 8.6 million. It was only the lowest level since early 2009 during the early part of the recession and it is still below the lowest level since 1999. The U.S. Employment Rate for full-time working age adults for the April-October period is 11.9 million, while unemployment for part-time workers among full-time workers is 10.6 million. The unemployment rate for all adults was 1.2 million in the April-October period, while the unemployment rate for part-time workers was 1.05 million.
The government’s estimates of the percentage of workers that are either in jobs or on the payroll are based on a variety of assumptions such as work-years, number of full-time hours worked, and labor market factors. Estimates for the percentage of employees who are part of the civilian workforce are based on estimates of the number of people who live in the job category. The government assumes that 20 to 54 percent of Americans work part-time, and the share over that time is about 24 percent based on estimates of the share
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In the United States, a substantial share of the civilian employment is employed by skilled workmen with a range of skill-enhancing abilities and services. At the same time, however, a fraction of workers have a low income or have little or no social skills necessary to support themselves. The proportion of the civilian employment in the United States is about 50 percent of the total labor force.
When the economy does well, the employment rate rises, raising labor force participation to over 60 percent at some point or another by around 2030, compared to only 20 percent in the US. The share of employment growth is even higher when the labour force participation rate is low during that period. Labor force participation is a measure of a worker’s potential for promotion, which is at a low point compared to pre-recession levels.
This graphic shows the extent to which, in the past year, nearly 500,000 people have added to the workforce through a combination of new technologies that have significantly decreased the number of working hours and increased the hours of workers who are part of that workforce.
This graphic illustrates the extent to which the growth trends observed here are statistically significant to US joblessness. All figures are rounded to the nearest million. In some instances, a large percentage of the large number are also employed. In other cases, as the figures illustrate, a large subset of workers is not in labor force for the first time.
The U.S. unemployment rate for full-time, part-time and part-time workers ages 25 to 64 is 2.4 million, up 11 percent from a year earlier. It is slightly higher than it was in October of 2013, when the figure was 8.6 million. It was only the lowest level since early 2009 during the early part of the recession and it is still below the lowest level since 1999. The U.S. Employment Rate for full-time working age adults for the April-October period is 11.9 million, while unemployment for part-time workers among full-time workers is 10.6 million. The unemployment rate for all adults was 1.2 million in the April-October period, while the unemployment rate for part-time workers was 1.05 million.
The government’s estimates of the percentage of workers that are either in jobs or on the payroll are based on a variety of assumptions such as work-years, number of full-time hours worked, and labor market factors. Estimates for the percentage of employees who are part of the civilian workforce are based on estimates of the number of people who live in the job category. The government assumes that 20 to 54 percent of Americans work part-time, and the share over that time is about 24 percent based on estimates of the share
Unemployment can be divided by the percent of the civilian labor into four types known as frictional, structural, seasonal, and cyclical. The first form of unemployment is frictional unemployment. Frictional unemployment arises because workers seeking jobs do not find them immediately. While looking for work they are counted as unemployed. This could happen if suppose a person loses a job, perhaps because the work is finished. For example a construction craftsman when the job is finished; or it could happen to an actor or actress when the show closes. It will ordinarily take some time before that person finds another job. But while construction workers and entertainers can ordinarily expect to face this problem from time to time, it is something that can happen to anyone employed. People who are simply between jobs, in this sense, are said to be frictionally unemployed. The amount of frictional unemployment depends on the frequency with which workers change jobs and the time it takes to find new ones. This is a particularly important category, since this category of unemployment can never be eliminated or reduced to zero. Even in the best functioning market economy, there will be some people who are between jobs. However, I think this type of unemployment could be reduced somewhat by more efficient placement services.
The second form of unemployment is structural unemployment. Structural unemployment is caused by the difference between the kinds of workers wanted by employers and the kinds of workers looking for jobs. The imbalances may be caused by inadequacy of skills, location, or personal characteristics. Technological developments necessitate new skills in many industries, leaving those workers who have outdated skills without a job. A plant in a declining industry may close down or move to another area, throwing out of work those employees who are unable to unwilling to move. Workers with inadequate education or training and young workers with little or no experience may be unable to get jobs because employers believe that these employees would not produce enough to be worth paying the legal minimum wage or the rate agreed upon with the union. On the other hand, even highly trained workers can be unemployed. This happened in the United States in the early 1970s, when the large numbers of new graduates with doctoral degrees in physics and mathematics exceeded the number of jobs available in those fields. If employers practice illegal job discrimination against any group, a high unemployment rate for those workers could result even when jobs are plentiful. Structural unemployment shows up most prominently in some cities, in some occupations or industries, for those with below average education, and for some other groups in the labor force.
The third form of unemployment is Seasonal unemployment. This type of unemployment occurs during a seasonal period. Father Christmas tends to only be in demand for a short period of the year, and the rest of the year would certainly be classified as seasonally unemployed. Most other seasonal unemployment is less severe than this, and tends to occur in certain industries. Industries that suffer particularly are: hotel and catering, tourism, fruit picking, and Christmas. The effects of seasonal unemployment are often highly regionalised.
The fourth and final form of unemployment is cyclical unemployment. Cyclical unemployment results from a general lack of demand for labor. When the business cycle turns downward, demand for goods and services drop. Consequently, workers are laid off. In the 19th century, the United States