Shop Lifting
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Shoplifting (also known as retail theft) is theft of merchandise for sale in a shop, store, or other retail establishment, by an ostensible patron. It is one of the most common crimes that police and the courts deal with.
Most shoplifters are amateurs; however, there are people and groups who make their living from shoplifting, and they tend to be more skilled. Some individuals shoplift in an effort to resist selling their labor, and/or to protest corporate power. These individuals target –often exclusively– chain stores; Wal-Mart is an especially popular target for political shoplifters.
A common slang term for shoplifting in Australia, Britain, and the United States is “five-finger discount”. In the U.S., it is often referred to as “jacking” or “stealing”; those who sell shoplifted goods (at a steep discount) are referred to as “shoplifters.” Professional shoplifters or organized shoplifting groups are often referred
to as “boosters.”
Contents [hide]
1 Economic impact and response from shops
2 Legal status in different countries
2.1 Canada
2.2 United States
2.3 England and Wales
3 Common Shoplifting Scams
3.1 Baby Stroller Boxes
3.2 Bag Switching
3.3 Booster Boxes
3.4 Cash Drawer Theft
3.5 Counterfeit Bill Passing
3.6 Fake Returns
3.7 Fitting Room Bagging
3.8 Gift Card Cloning
3.9 Grab and Run
3.10 The Milkshake Subterfuge
3.11 Metal-lined Clothing or Containers
3.12 Other Return Tricks
3.13 Receipt Matching
3.14 Self-checkout scam
3.15 Shopping Cart Magic
3.16 Shopping Cart Passing
3.17 Ticket Switching
3.18 Out the Wrong Door
4 Anti-shoplifting options
4.1 Closed Circuit Television
4.2 Electronic Article Surveillance
5 Famous cases
References
7 See also
8 External links
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Economic impact and response from shops
Retailers report that shoplifting has significant effect on their bottom line, stating that about 0.6% of all inventory disappears to shoplifters. In 2001 it was claimed that shoplifting costs US retailers $25 million a day. Other observers, however, believe industry shoplifting numbers to be greatly exaggerated. Studies have found that over half of what is reported as shoplifting is either employee theft or fraud, and often justify shoplifting as a “victimless crime.”
According to the 2001 National Retail Security Survey conducted by the University of Florida retail operations suffered an average annual shrinkage percentage of 1.75% in 2000. Although most retailers experience a shrinkage percentage of less than 2% some smaller retailers often experience monthly and annual average shrinkage percentages as high as 20%. According a study by the National Retail Security Survey 30.6% of shrinkage comes from shoplifting, 46% from employee embezzlement, 17.6% from administrative error, and 5.8% from vendor fraud.
Companies have introduced many technologies to combat shoplifting. Many stores have video cameras filming all areas of the store; larger stores are often patrolled by undercover investigators. Security devices are often affixed to products that set off alarms at the store exit if they are not deactivated or removed by a cashier.
According to the 2004 17th Annual Retail Theft survey conducted by Jack L. Hayes International 689,340 were shoplifters were apprehended by 27 of the major U.S. retailers. This figure was a 4.86% increase from total of 657,414 shoplifters apprehended in 2003. In 2004 $70,039,564 dollars were recovered from shoplifting apprehensions compared to $68,927,833 in 2003. In 2004 the average dollar value for a shoplifting apprehension was $101.60 dollars.
Shoplifting is classified under the Uniform Crime Report as a Part I offense of Larceny-Theft. Demographically, shoplifting is for the most part proportional to the population as a whole. Statistically speaking, 64% of all shoplifting incidents are committed by persons of Caucasian decent. This is in stark contrast to the stereotypical view that miniority populations commit most acts of shoplifting.
Legal status in different countries
Canada
In Canada shoplifting is regarded as theft. If the amount equivalent to the stolen items is under $5,000 CAD, it is thus up to the prosecutor to decide if it will be prosecuted as a summary or indictable offence. In most cases it is treated as a lesser summary offence.
United States
In most states in the United States, shoplifting is a misdemeanor crime of petty larceny when specifically committed against a retail establishment by a patron. Some states do not distinguish between shoplifting and other forms of petty larceny, although a judge may consider the context of any crime in sentencing.
In some jurisdictions within the United States, certain egregious instances of shoplifting involving large dollar amounts of merchandise and/or a high degree of criminal sophistication may be prosecuted and punished as burglary or otherwise as a felony. The dollar amount to constitute felony shoplifting can range from be quite low such as $100 in Vermont, to quite high such as $2,500 in Wisconsin. In some states a high dollar amount can constitute a higher felony, a prime example being Arizona where a shoplifting incident greater than $2,000 constitutes a class five felony. Indiana is the only state in the country where an act of shoplifting is considered a felony