Review for Ap Us History
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Terms Definitions
Imperialism- A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, religiously and/or economically.
Jingoism- extreme, chauvinistic patriotism, often favoring an aggressive, warlike foreign policy
Yellow Journalism sensational, biased and often false journalism. helped fuel desire for the Sp-Am War
The Anti-Imperialist League organization that fought the McKinley administrations expansionist moves; included the presidents of Stanford and Harvard Universities, and novelist Mark Twain, Gompers, Carnegie, Jane Addams, and W J Bryan
McKinley Tariff 1890 tariff that raised protective tariff levels by nearly 50%, making them the highest tariffs on imports in the United States history
Hawaiian annexation (1898) intended to extend US territory into the Pacific & highlighted resulted from economic integration & rise of US as a Pacific power. Key provision spot for Ame whaling ships, fertile ground from Ame protestant missionaries and a new source of sugar cane production
The Influence of Sea Power Upon History an influential treatise on naval warfare written in 1890 by Alfred Thayer Mahan. It details the role of sea power throughout history and discusses the various factors needed to support a strong navy.
Our Country book title ____: Its Possible Future and Current Crisis. Encouraged American protestants to do missionary work and to pay attention to racial problems and the crises in the city and of the working class. May have inspired international missionary work.
Spanish American War In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans fight for independence
Splendid Little War Nickname for Spanish American war coined by Hay, indicative of US attitude and cockiness
De Lome Letter The Spanish ambassador insults President McKinley in this document; accused America of being weak
USS Maine President McKinley sent this ship to Havana, Cuba, to protect the American citizens and property (eventually blew up and the U.S. blamed Spain)
Teller Amendment U.S. declared Cuba free from Spain, but this amendment disclaimed any American intention to annex Cuba
Platt Amendment Amendment to the Cuban constitution (passed b/c of pressure from the US) that allowed the United States to intervene in Cuba and gave the United States control of the naval base at Guantanamo Bay.
Philippine-American War The conflict that arose when the US tried to annex this Pacific Island chain
Insular cases court cases that determined that inhabitants of U.S. territories had some, but not all, of the rights of U.S. citizens.
Spheres of Influence areas in which countries have some political and economic control but do not govern directly (ex. Europe and U.S. in China during Open Door era)
Open Door Policy A policy that asked powerful and influential countries to respect Chinese rights and promote fair trade with low tariffs. This policy was accepted by other countries and prevented any country from creating a monopoly on Chinese trade.
Boxer Rebellion 1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the “foreign devils”. The rebellion was ended by British troops
Russo Japanese War A war fought in Asia over control of Korea, Manchuria, etc. Began in 1904, but neither side could gain a clear advantage and win. Both sent reps to Portsmouth, NH where TR mediated Treaty of New Hampshire in 1905. TR won the nobel peace prize for his efforts, the 1st pres. to do so.
Big Stick Diplomacy Diplomatic policy developed by TR that emphasizes US power and TRs readiness to use military force if necessary. It is a way of intimidating countries without actually harming them and was the basis of U.S. imperialistic foreign policy.
Roosevelt Corollary Roosevelts 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force
Lodge Corollary In 1912 Senate passed resolution to Monroe Doctrine. It stated that non-European powers (such as Japan) would be excluded from owning territory in Western Hemisphere.
Xenophobia fear of foreigners/outsiders
Panama Canal Ship canal cut across the isthmus of ___ by United States Army engineers; it opened in 1915.
Dollar Diplomacy President Tafts policy of linking American business interests to diplomatic interests abroad
Missionary Diplomacy Woodrow Wilsons policy contingent on the belief that it was Americas responsibility and destiny to spread its institutions and values to the far corners of the globe; also called “moral diplomacy”
Mexican civil war 1910-1916, 4 different leaders of Mexico. 1915, Pancho Villa invaded New Mexico, Wilson sent military to Mexico to get Villa, 6K commanded by BlackJack John J Pershing. He asked permission before he went to Mex, and this shows Wilsons moralistic tendency
Grover Cleveland 22nd and 24th president, Democrat, Honest and hardworking, fought corruption, vetoed hundreds of wasteful bills, achieved the Interstate Commerce Commission and civil service reform, violent suppression of strikes
William Randolph Hearst United States newspaper publisher whose introduction of large headlines and sensational reporting changed American journalism (1863-1951)
Joseph Pulitzer creator of the “New York World;”cut the prices so people could afford it; featured color comics and yellow journalism
Alfred Mahan Captain of the U.S. Navy who was for imperialism. He thought that a bigger navy was needed to protect American ships.
Josiah Strong a popular American minister in the late 1800s who linked Anglo-Saxonism to Christian missionary ideas