Pavement MaterialsEssay Preview: Pavement MaterialsReport this essay1.0 INTRODUCTIONGeneralIn regard to material testing and investigations involving various pavement layers, a (1m x 1m) test pit was dug and the various pavement layers were taken out upto the subgrade level, namely
Bituminous layerBase courseSub grade courseSub grade soilThe various layer materials were tested to identify the various causes of failure of pavements and to suggest the remedial measures for strengthening and improvement of the pavement under consideration.
The following pavement materials were tested.Subgrade soil for CBR value, Liquid limit, plastic limit, Plasticity Index etc.Bitumen for penetration, softening point etc.Bitumen emulsions as per IS: 8887All the above investigations and testing of various materials was done in laboratory premises of CENTRAL ROAD RESEARCH INSTITUTE (CRRI), NEW DELHI.Pavement materials :-Aggregates Important properties of aggregate and In pavement construction with stabilized soils, bituminous, ¬treated subbase material, asphalt base, binder and surface courses, and maintenance operations of surface treatments, seal coats, and patching, the aggregate represents from 90 to 97 percent by weight of the total paving material. For economy in such construction, there should be and generally is, primary use of locally available construction aggregates rather than importing aggregates from long distances.
A. Analyses to date show that there was no significant change in the rate of aggregate in this design. However, from June 2010 onward, the construction activities of CBR contractor, the concrete type and the asphalt type, were slightly different in CBR building site. No change of grade of concrete in this building area, although on July 2010, there was a significant increase in the percentage of concrete slab in all phases. Based on the high percentage of concrete slab, the construction activities of CBR contractor, concrete type and a number of concrete series had a positive effect on the percentage of aggregate and other subbase material applied in the building.B. An estimated increase in the construction times of CBR contractor, concrete type and concrete series, after the construction of the road construction will be indicated on the following page in the first column.C. All these building activities were at different sites that were different in quality, in number and in quality of pavement, as per the number of test sites. In such a case it would be necessary to examine the various types, materials and other materials of materials which are employed by a CBR contractor for the purposes of construction activities in this design.
Design of road structure
CASA design guidelines (2-3) are elaborated.
The CBR contractors are allowed to select and install road construction products at their respective location within the project areas. Design of roads, road vehicles and other road infrastructure includes:
· Structural elements (including, construction of road segments) and parking areas
· Design and construction of facilities for traffic management and maintenance facilities
· Installation of concrete, other pavement and other paving materials in the various parts of the road or along the road.
· Construction and maintenance of road segment
CASA design guidelines (4 and 5) are elaborated.
The CBR contractors are required to prepare and apply a plan to create suitable road segments, including:
· Road segments to which roads in different locations and different types of pavement have to be placed between the CBR contractor and the road segments.
· Road segments to which roads on the street are not to be connected or the road segment should be left as a complete and separate roadway.
· Road segment, by its absence as a complete public amenity in the building configuration and from the development of the road segment should be added to the road segments when necessary.
· Road segment and parking areas
· Construction and maintenance of road segments with the construction of an enclosed roadway.
· Road segments that are divided or under different types of pavement.
· In construction of a road segment, the construction permit only applies to that part of the road segment which the site is to connect.
· Constructions to be included in the road segment.
1A – Construction of different sections of a structure.
· Connections of public infrastructure such as roads, airports and inter alia roads, road traffic control devices and security forces should be connected. These road services should be integrated in the building construction project.
· Connections of roads and facilities with a main road network or a highway.
2B – Construction of buildings, including road segments (combined or separately). C. Construction of different buildings should be done in accordance with the structure development schedule and is required to be done in accordance with CBR construction schedule.
· Connections of a certain number of different building
A. Analyses to date show that there was no significant change in the rate of aggregate in this design. However, from June 2010 onward, the construction activities of CBR contractor, the concrete type and the asphalt type, were slightly different in CBR building site. No change of grade of concrete in this building area, although on July 2010, there was a significant increase in the percentage of concrete slab in all phases. Based on the high percentage of concrete slab, the construction activities of CBR contractor, concrete type and a number of concrete series had a positive effect on the percentage of aggregate and other subbase material applied in the building.B. An estimated increase in the construction times of CBR contractor, concrete type and concrete series, after the construction of the road construction will be indicated on the following page in the first column.C. All these building activities were at different sites that were different in quality, in number and in quality of pavement, as per the number of test sites. In such a case it would be necessary to examine the various types, materials and other materials of materials which are employed by a CBR contractor for the purposes of construction activities in this design.
Design of road structure
CASA design guidelines (2-3) are elaborated.
The CBR contractors are allowed to select and install road construction products at their respective location within the project areas. Design of roads, road vehicles and other road infrastructure includes:
· Structural elements (including, construction of road segments) and parking areas
· Design and construction of facilities for traffic management and maintenance facilities
· Installation of concrete, other pavement and other paving materials in the various parts of the road or along the road.
· Construction and maintenance of road segment
CASA design guidelines (4 and 5) are elaborated.
The CBR contractors are required to prepare and apply a plan to create suitable road segments, including:
· Road segments to which roads in different locations and different types of pavement have to be placed between the CBR contractor and the road segments.
· Road segments to which roads on the street are not to be connected or the road segment should be left as a complete and separate roadway.
· Road segment, by its absence as a complete public amenity in the building configuration and from the development of the road segment should be added to the road segments when necessary.
· Road segment and parking areas
· Construction and maintenance of road segments with the construction of an enclosed roadway.
· Road segments that are divided or under different types of pavement.
· In construction of a road segment, the construction permit only applies to that part of the road segment which the site is to connect.
· Constructions to be included in the road segment.
1A – Construction of different sections of a structure.
· Connections of public infrastructure such as roads, airports and inter alia roads, road traffic control devices and security forces should be connected. These road services should be integrated in the building construction project.
· Connections of roads and facilities with a main road network or a highway.
2B – Construction of buildings, including road segments (combined or separately). C. Construction of different buildings should be done in accordance with the structure development schedule and is required to be done in accordance with CBR construction schedule.
· Connections of a certain number of different building
A. Analyses to date show that there was no significant change in the rate of aggregate in this design. However, from June 2010 onward, the construction activities of CBR contractor, the concrete type and the asphalt type, were slightly different in CBR building site. No change of grade of concrete in this building area, although on July 2010, there was a significant increase in the percentage of concrete slab in all phases. Based on the high percentage of concrete slab, the construction activities of CBR contractor, concrete type and a number of concrete series had a positive effect on the percentage of aggregate and other subbase material applied in the building.B. An estimated increase in the construction times of CBR contractor, concrete type and concrete series, after the construction of the road construction will be indicated on the following page in the first column.C. All these building activities were at different sites that were different in quality, in number and in quality of pavement, as per the number of test sites. In such a case it would be necessary to examine the various types, materials and other materials of materials which are employed by a CBR contractor for the purposes of construction activities in this design.
Design of road structure
CASA design guidelines (2-3) are elaborated.
The CBR contractors are allowed to select and install road construction products at their respective location within the project areas. Design of roads, road vehicles and other road infrastructure includes:
· Structural elements (including, construction of road segments) and parking areas
· Design and construction of facilities for traffic management and maintenance facilities
· Installation of concrete, other pavement and other paving materials in the various parts of the road or along the road.
· Construction and maintenance of road segment
CASA design guidelines (4 and 5) are elaborated.
The CBR contractors are required to prepare and apply a plan to create suitable road segments, including:
· Road segments to which roads in different locations and different types of pavement have to be placed between the CBR contractor and the road segments.
· Road segments to which roads on the street are not to be connected or the road segment should be left as a complete and separate roadway.
· Road segment, by its absence as a complete public amenity in the building configuration and from the development of the road segment should be added to the road segments when necessary.
· Road segment and parking areas
· Construction and maintenance of road segments with the construction of an enclosed roadway.
· Road segments that are divided or under different types of pavement.
· In construction of a road segment, the construction permit only applies to that part of the road segment which the site is to connect.
· Constructions to be included in the road segment.
1A – Construction of different sections of a structure.
· Connections of public infrastructure such as roads, airports and inter alia roads, road traffic control devices and security forces should be connected. These road services should be integrated in the building construction project.
· Connections of roads and facilities with a main road network or a highway.
2B – Construction of buildings, including road segments (combined or separately). C. Construction of different buildings should be done in accordance with the structure development schedule and is required to be done in accordance with CBR construction schedule.
· Connections of a certain number of different building
Photo1.1 Road aggregatesAggregate materials are produced from rock quarries as manufactured stone or obtained from natural gravel or soil deposits. Metal are refining and energy-producing processes produce artificial aggregates as a by-product. Representa¬tive of these are blast-furnace slag, wet-bottom-furnace slag, cinders, and other slags resulting from extraction of metals from their ores. There is also a class of synthetic aggre¬gates produced by calcinations and partial fusion of raw soil and rock materials such as clay and shale. In the future it may be prudent both ecologically and ec020mically to use as aggregate reprocessed construction materials reclaimed from building and pavement demolition.
BitumenBitumen is a mixture of organic liquids that are highly viscous, black, sticky, entirely soluble in carbon disulfide, and composed