Hydrodam
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The water behind the dam flows through the intake and into a pipe called a penstock. The water pushes against blades in a turbine, causing them to turn. The turbine is similar to the kind used in a power plant. But instead of using steam to turn the turbine, water is used.
The turbine spins a generator to produce electricity. The electricity can then travel over long distance electric lines to your home, to your school, to factories and businesses.
Hydro power today can be found in the mountainous areas of states where there are lakes and reservoirs and along rivers.
Parts of a Hydroelectric Plant
Most conventional hydroelectric plants include four major components (see graphic below):
Dam. Raises the water level of the river to create falling water. Also controls the flow of water. The reservoir that is formed is, in effect, stored energy.
Turbine. The force of falling water pushing against the turbines blades causes the turbine to spin. A water turbine is much like a windmill, except the energy is provided by falling water instead of wind. The turbine converts the kinetic energy of falling water into mechanical energy.
Generator. Connected to the turbine by shafts and possibly gears so when the turbine spins it causes the generator to spin also. Converts the mechanical energy from the turbine into electric energy. Generators in hydropower plants work just like the generators in other types of power plants.
Transmission lines. Conduct electricity from the hydropower plant to homes and business.