World Trade Center:
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LIST OF FIGURES
ERROR! NO TABLE OF FIGURES ENTRIES FOUND.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1 – INTRODUCTION
– HISTORY
1.1.1
– Inspiration for towers
1.1.2
– Brief summary of the project
1.1.3
– Demise of the towers
– FRAMED TUBE SYSTEM
– THE CENTRAL CORE
2.1.1
– Design specifications
2.1.2
– Components housed within the core
– THE OUTER SHELL
2.2.1
– Design specifications
2.2.2
– Construction materials
viii
– BENEFITS OF THE TUBE FRAMED SYSTEM
VIII
2.3.1
– Less demanding on materials
viii
2.3.2
– Reduced specifications
viii
3 – EFFICIENCY
3.1 – SKY LOBBIES
3.1.1 – Explanation of system
3.1.2– Spatial savings
3.1.3– Capacity
3.2– IMPORTANCE OF ELEVATORS
3.2.1– Searching for solutions
3.2.2– Simulation analysis
– EXTERIOR PANELING
– CONSTRUCTION
4.1.1
– Materials
4.1.2
– Fabrication
– DESIGN
4.2.1
– Wind loadings
4.2.2
– Specifications
– CONCLUSION
– FRAMED TUBE SYSTEM
5.1.1
– Superiority in complex loadings
– ELEVATORS
5.2.1
– Efficiency of sky lobby system
– EXTERIOR PANELING
5.3.1
– Safety
5.3.2
– Loading benefits
LIST OF REFERENCES
List of figures
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Executive summary
1 – Introduction
– History
1.1.1
– Inspiration for towers
The idea for the World Trade Center originated during the 1939 World Fair in New York. However, it was not until 1960, when American technology was on the rise, that the planning for the construction was put to fruition under the powerful leadership of Chase Manhattan Bank’s David Rockefeller. The location for the engineering marvel was to be set in lower Manhattan. Along with The Port of New York Authority, Minoru Yamasaki and Associates, as well as many other design firms, began the design for the world’s largest office complex which was unveiled in 1964. Construction of the enormous project began in 1968 and in1970, thirty one years after its inspiration, the World Trade Center accommodated its first tenants.
1.1.2
– Brief summary of the project
The design of the World Trade Center was a modern day masterpiece. It consisted of a framed tube system, which was necessary to carry the massive weight of the building. The framed tube system was also perfect for housing the emergency services and elevators. The elevators were stacked in a manor that increased efficiency of travel throughout the building. Exterior panels were prefabricated and simply had to be put together like puzzle pieces once at the job site; enabling rapid construction. These panels were specially designed to withstand large external loadings caused by strong winds. The logistics and tracking involved in the construction of the World Trade Center was