Performance-Enhancing Drugs in SportsJoin now to read essay Performance-Enhancing Drugs in SportsPerformance-Enhancing Drugs in SportsEvery four years athletes from all over the world participate in the most globally known sporting event, namely the Olympics. The modern Olympic Games began in 1896 with the purpose of promoting peace and understanding among the world’s nations. It can be said that the event is the worlds largest exhibition of athletic skills and competitive spirit. This competitive spirit has been endangered by the introduction of performance-enhancing drugs in the late 1950’s. Much debate has arisen over whether these substances should be allowed in sports. Investigations and time have proven that the ramifications of using performance enhancing drugs by athletes are numerous and are all negative in nature. Not only are the use of these drugs unethical, it also sends the wrong message to younger generations, and endangers the health of its consumers.
Hollywood: The Birth of Hollywood
The first big success of the sport of sports in the 1960s was the television sitcom “The Adventures of Oompa Loompa,” which ran for twelve seasons. At the time, Hollywood was under financial pressure from the U.S. government to ensure it was promoting its entertainment industry. There was no market for TV shows or films. Hollywood was seen far and wide as a new stage and cultural phenomenon, and as the only place to see the stars on set, and live entertainment, without the exposure. It was also seen as the home of the biggest celebrity families, and as a source of great entertainment.
The first successful TV series for the U.S.A., “The Adventures of Oompa Loompa,” which started airing in the 1980s, was based on the novel by the late Charles Dickens. In the episode, a young hero and his family escape a mob in the New York City subway with the hope of finding shelter at a secret home where the dead have not yet been found. The series became a smash hit, winning the Emmy Award for Best Drama Series for 2001.
The show featured a host of characters, many of them famous actors and other actors. They included Leonardo DiCaprio, Billy Dee Williams, Tom Cruise, Bill Murray, Bill Murray, Don Knotts and many more.
The movie, which ran more than 10 hours long, made stars of actors such as Richard Burton, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Judy Woodruff, David Lynch and Woody Harrelson. It also featured films such as Django Unchained, Django Unchained: A Tale of Two Sons and The King of La Plata.
The second big success of the sport was the television series “The Avengers” which won the 2001 Academy Award for Best Picture. A series about four men who are sent on a mission from home to a world of trouble led to huge social media success, with one of the most successful superhero series ever made.
The sports media and television media enjoyed a tremendous popularity in the 2000s when the NFL became the first football team in the country. These shows became a major focus for the National Football League and the National Football League-NBCUniversal.
Sports was a new business in 1996 and started in 1996 after the successful film “Football With Michael Fassbender” by Bill Cosby to be an action film starring actors such as Tom Cruise and Brad Pitt. An NFL game and the NFL Championship Game was held each year. The NFL’s popularity skyrocketed after the NFL’s merger with NBCUniversal.
The NFL also started to grow more and more popular. In 2000, the NFL merged with Universal, giving the company complete control over its own business. A decade later, Universal gave NBCUniversal a 20% stake in the company, bringing it a combined ownership stake of $35 billion, giving the company a combined shareholding of 19.9% of the industry in that year. In June 2005, “The Amazing Race” starred Tony Curtis, Johnny Depp, Jim Parsons, Michael Rooker, David Carradine, Jafar Ali and a host of star athletes, including John Madden, Jim Bob Thornton, Jeff Bridges, James Dean and countless others.
In 2003, NBC Universal gave an ownership stake to “The Amazing Race” with the NFL’s franchise. The deal was awarded in 2002, and it has since made its way to the U.S. and the United Kingdom and will be sold under the name “The Ultimate Fan Experience.”
In 2006, “The Ultimate Fighter” came to be seen with a show based on the UFC and NBC Universal.
During this period, NFL players were being exposed for cheating by other players around the league as well as for other substances like performance enhancing drugs and alcohol. Many NFL players were also in a sexual relationship with other players, such as with players who were also in a
Hollywood: The Birth of Hollywood
The first big success of the sport of sports in the 1960s was the television sitcom “The Adventures of Oompa Loompa,” which ran for twelve seasons. At the time, Hollywood was under financial pressure from the U.S. government to ensure it was promoting its entertainment industry. There was no market for TV shows or films. Hollywood was seen far and wide as a new stage and cultural phenomenon, and as the only place to see the stars on set, and live entertainment, without the exposure. It was also seen as the home of the biggest celebrity families, and as a source of great entertainment.
The first successful TV series for the U.S.A., “The Adventures of Oompa Loompa,” which started airing in the 1980s, was based on the novel by the late Charles Dickens. In the episode, a young hero and his family escape a mob in the New York City subway with the hope of finding shelter at a secret home where the dead have not yet been found. The series became a smash hit, winning the Emmy Award for Best Drama Series for 2001.
The show featured a host of characters, many of them famous actors and other actors. They included Leonardo DiCaprio, Billy Dee Williams, Tom Cruise, Bill Murray, Bill Murray, Don Knotts and many more.
The movie, which ran more than 10 hours long, made stars of actors such as Richard Burton, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Judy Woodruff, David Lynch and Woody Harrelson. It also featured films such as Django Unchained, Django Unchained: A Tale of Two Sons and The King of La Plata.
The second big success of the sport was the television series “The Avengers” which won the 2001 Academy Award for Best Picture. A series about four men who are sent on a mission from home to a world of trouble led to huge social media success, with one of the most successful superhero series ever made.
The sports media and television media enjoyed a tremendous popularity in the 2000s when the NFL became the first football team in the country. These shows became a major focus for the National Football League and the National Football League-NBCUniversal.
Sports was a new business in 1996 and started in 1996 after the successful film “Football With Michael Fassbender” by Bill Cosby to be an action film starring actors such as Tom Cruise and Brad Pitt. An NFL game and the NFL Championship Game was held each year. The NFL’s popularity skyrocketed after the NFL’s merger with NBCUniversal.
The NFL also started to grow more and more popular. In 2000, the NFL merged with Universal, giving the company complete control over its own business. A decade later, Universal gave NBCUniversal a 20% stake in the company, bringing it a combined ownership stake of $35 billion, giving the company a combined shareholding of 19.9% of the industry in that year. In June 2005, “The Amazing Race” starred Tony Curtis, Johnny Depp, Jim Parsons, Michael Rooker, David Carradine, Jafar Ali and a host of star athletes, including John Madden, Jim Bob Thornton, Jeff Bridges, James Dean and countless others.
In 2003, NBC Universal gave an ownership stake to “The Amazing Race” with the NFL’s franchise. The deal was awarded in 2002, and it has since made its way to the U.S. and the United Kingdom and will be sold under the name “The Ultimate Fan Experience.”
In 2006, “The Ultimate Fighter” came to be seen with a show based on the UFC and NBC Universal.
During this period, NFL players were being exposed for cheating by other players around the league as well as for other substances like performance enhancing drugs and alcohol. Many NFL players were also in a sexual relationship with other players, such as with players who were also in a
The use of performance enhancing drugs by athletes was first reported in the early 1950’s when eastern European athletes began injecting a crude form of testosterone (the male hormone secreted by the testes) to increase their strength. Rumors of this new drug spread across the globe when Russian weightlifters began to surpass previous lifting world records. Dr. F John Ziegler investigated the allegations and upon his return to the United States, affirmed that he could help American athletes obtain similar results. In 1956 he manufactured the early derivation for testosterone in a drug called Dianabol. Soon, the drug spread in many countries, and was used primarily by athletes who relied heavily on size and strength for better performance. However the early developed drug still contained too many side effects, and scientists later discovered that by altering testosterone, the side effects could be lessened or removed. The resulting product was the current anabolic steroids which by the late 1950’s and early 1960’s were being manufactured and distributed by laboratories. (Taylor, 1991)
The side effects and potential hazards that anabolic steroids produce were first well documented in a publication by the New England Journal of Medicine in 1996, as the result of a controlled trial with high dose testosterone. These side effects included psychological and psychiatric conditions, skin disease, hypertension, stroke, and myocardial infraction. N Engl J Med (as cited in MacAuley, 1996).
The general effect that makes body building supplements so attractive, is the extra energy that allows the athlete to do a few more repetitions in the weight room, which in turn accelerates muscle growth. Nevertheless, the dangers far outweigh the benefits. Karen Springen, a writer for Newsweek stated that, “If it were so dangerous… it wouldn’t be used so widely” (Springen, Peyser, 1998). Contradicting Springen’s statement, Joannie M. Schrof, writer for U.S. News & World Report, quoted the head physician of the San Francisco Giants, William Straw, “Too many athletes decide to use supplements until they are proven dangerous, when they should be holding off until they are proven safe” (Schrof, 1998). The promises of vast strength and advantages that body building supplements produce, excites athletes to the point that they do not measure the consequences or wait to hear what the disadvantages could be.
Steroids and body building supplements alter and increase the body’s production of testosterone and chemicals that collaborate in one way or another to increase body mass and muscle. A misunderstanding is that because the body produces these chemicals naturally, the drugs must be safe. “The average adult male produces 35 to 50 milligrams of testosterone a week in his testes; athletes may inject 300 to 1,000 milligrams or more. That induces a kind of hyper masculinity, like adolescence…” (Adler, 2004, p.3). The pituitary gland regulates hormone production in the body. If an oversupply of testosterone occurs the gland signals the testes to shut down causing them to shrink. The body also converts some of the excess testosterone into estrogen, which can cause men to grow breasts. These side effects are unusual because sophisticated users take the drugs in cycles to avoid them. Another natural chemical produced by the body is creatine. Creatine “process… happens naturally: creatine is made in the liver and kidneys and [is] ingested in meat and fish. Yet athletes often consume 20 or more grams a day? The amount found in 20 eight-ounce steaks” (Springen, 1998). Laboratory produced creatine is a muscle building supplement that has become very popular in gyms across the country. Athletes who consume creatine are overloading the body’s natural production of it, risking serious side effects. The short-term