The Faces of Evil and InnocenceThe Faces of Evil and InnocenceThe Faces of Evil and InnocenceWhen one thinks of a young child one thinks of joy, innocence, and being carefree. Too often than not though that innocence is taken from a young child through sexual abuse. Studies have shown over and over again that a child who has been sexually abused carries those scars with them into adulthood, many times affecting adult relationships.
When a person thinks of a child molester they see in their minds the dirty old man image. This is not the case in most abuse cases. Usually the child knows the person that is going to harm them. The offender is usually someone that the child and his or her parents trust. The key to abusing a child is to gain their trust so they won’t tell. The offender uses manipulation, and even coercion to get what they what. They will shower the child, and sometimes the parents, with gifts. When trying to protect our children we must be aware of the signs that point to molestation. We must throw away our pre-conceived ideas of what a child molester is and look at the facts. We must educate our children and ourselves so we may begin to put an end to this vicious crime.
What is a pedophile? The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-111-R; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) lists the essential features of pedophilia as “ recurrent, intense, sexual urges and sexually arousing fantasies, of at least six months duration, involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child” (p.284). The prepubescent child is normally thirteen years old or younger. (Murray, 2000)
One must be careful in using this definition however. The studies that have been done have been with small sample groups and a lot is not known about what makes pedophiles do the things they do. Most psychological research on the personalities of pedophiles consists of only clinical descriptions and case presentations. Bell and Hall represented the clinical approaches to the study of the personalities of pedophiles. They analyzed the dreams of a pedophiles and made suggestions about their characteristics. “ The inference from their case report was that pedophiles have a basic character disorder shown by schizoid and passive traits as well as a severe dread of adult sexuality.”(Bell & Hall 1971).
Cohen, Seghorn, and Calmas (1969) described three types of child molesters derived from their clinical studies. One type had a history of relatively normal functioning and the incident of molestation appears to reflect a reaction to a severe threat to their sense of sexual adequacy. Another type had a history of poor social-sexual functioning and is regarded as primitive and immature in terms of social-sexual skills. The last type they found in their study had offenses involving cruel and vicious assaults on children and the act of molestation is regarded as more aggressive then sexual. (Mc Creary, 1975)
Harding wrote an article on pedophilia stating that pedophilia is a subcategory of a larger group of sexual disorders commonly classified as paraphilias. “These are defined as recurrent, intense, aphrodisiac fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors, over a period of at least six months, which involve non-human objects, the suffering of oneself or one’s partner, or children or other non-consenting partners. If these recurrent fantasies, urges, and behaviors involve sexual activities with prepubescent children, the main diagnostic criterion for pedophilia is met.
She states that pedophilia encompasses simple voyeurism of nude children, observing children at various stages of undressing or assisting them to undress, sexual fondling, exposing oneself, performing oral sex on children and/or requesting them to return oral sex, or mutual masturbation. In most cases pedophiles do not require sexual penetration. They do not force their attentions on a child. Instead they rely on guile, persuasion, and friendship, often displaying great tenderness and affection toward the child they desire.” (Harding 2004)
“Motives for engaging in sexual activity with children are rather different among pedophiles, but one theme recurs: The pedophile tends to justify his/her conduct. They often indicate to authorities that the child solicited sexual contact or activity, and also claim that the child derives as much sexual pleasure from the activity as the perpetrator. Pedophiles also excuse their behavior as non-harmful, non-violent, non-forced, and even “educational” for the child. They do not see themselves as abusers, molesters, or sexually deviant. This quality of being into denial as to the true harm that they may cause belies the fact that clearly, most pedophiles act for their own gratification and not that of the child. In fact, more often than not, they describe their urges as compulsive, non-controllable and overwhelming.” (Harding 2004)
•“Child abusers, like those who commit violence, may also view themselves as victims of a society that considers them to be criminals‡ (Harding 2004)
•“Often, pedophiles are able to view their activities not as crimes, but as a defense of them. Children who come up with new (or even more complex) explanations for their behavior when they’ve got to justify their behavior may find that they are much more easily rationalistic with regard to the facts of the situation and less likely to think about their own needs when trying to decide if, in fact, a crime was committed. Their motives for engaging in that behavior may range from rationalization to fear of punishment and/or to guilt. (Stark’s 2006)— “There is no evidence that children who engage in non-consensual consensual activity, whether nonreligious, homosexual or heterosexual, tend to make the most of this problem. A large intergroup difference, however, appears to explain the differences.” (Stark’s 2006)” (Stark 2006)
There has been little effort by police in any way to identify and detain those or what appear to be pedophiles in their community, but there have been a number of studies that have looked into this problem. In addition, there has been considerable debate on what to do when some of these people get into criminal activity and try to defend themselves.
Child molesting appears to be a distinct phenomenon. Children who see themselves as victims or in danger often act as though they are victimized. Their behavior does not make them more than someone who was raped or molested—they can be an important part of the victims’ socialization and bonding. When adults learn their pedophilia history, they may view sexual abuse as a matter of life and death, but not as an assault or a criminal act. If this view of the world is accurate and is taken seriously, it is likely that the vast majority of child molesters and pedophile offenders will turn on their victims and report the crime to police, which is likely to create a sense of guilt for them. (Stark’s 2004)— “A study from St. Louis found only 1% of the children abused by adults who are not in their early teens reported being sexually assaulted by peers and to friends. . . .” (Stark’s 2006)
Some parents may also feel a sense of guilt for the actions of their younger children.
* * * * Parenting history—which parents report the most or are the least able to recognize in their children (Harding 2004— “The impact of parental history—that is, when used as an indicator of childhood aggression, is a significant predictor of aggressive behavior or, in addition, of the likelihood of aggressive behavior and aggression-related problems later than when given a parent’s history (Harding 2004, supra)—found that, in spite of the lack of any significant developmental history of abuse or neglect, children who were at significant risk at first began experiencing parental problems after infancy—including father-to-son and son-to-son abuse—that are likely related to their developmental disabilities,” (Harding 2004, supra)? (Carson-Foster 2009 — ”
[ Footnote 2 ] This article was originally published in the May 15, 2004, issue of the Australian National Bureau of Statistics.
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[ Footnote 2 ] This article was originally published in the May 15, 2004, issue of the Australian National Bureau of Statistics.
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[ Footnote 2 ] This article was originally published in the May 15, 2004, issue of the Australian National Bureau of Statistics.
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